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| = Basic Setup = | | = OpenStack in EPEL = |
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| These steps will setup OpenStack nova, glance, and keystone to be accessed by the OpenStack dashboard web UI on a single host, as well as launching our first instance (virtual machine).
| | The OpenStack Folsom was retired from EPEL 6. |
| | | Please visit [https://www.rdoproject.org/ RDO project] for running OpenStack on EL platforms. |
| Many of the examples here require 'sudo' to be properly configured, please see [[Configuring Sudo]] if you need help.
| |
| | |
| == Initial Installation ==
| |
| | |
| $>wget http://pbrady.fedorapeople.org/openstack-el6/epel-openstack-preview.repo
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| $>sudo mv epel-openstack-preview.repo /etc/yum.repos.d
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| | |
| First let's pull in OpenStack and some optional dependencies:
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| | |
| $> sudo yum install openstack-nova openstack-glance openstack-keystone openstack-quantum \
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| openstack-dashboard openstack-utils qpid-cpp-server python-paste-deploy python-routes
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| Ensure auth=no is set in /etc/qpidd.conf
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| Set selinux in permissive mode:
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| >$ sudo setenforce permissive
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| Otherwise you will get issues like https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=734346
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| /usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge: No such file or directory
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| if RHEL 6.2 based
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| $> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT force_dhcp_release False
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| else if RHEL 6.3 based
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| $> sudo yum install dnsdmasq-utils
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| Run the helper script to get MySQL configured for use with openstack-nova. If <code>mysql-server</code> is not already installed, this script will install it for you.
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| $> sudo openstack-nova-db-setup
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| Similarly, run the helper script to get MySQL configured for use with openstack-glance.
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| $> sudo openstack-glance-db-setup
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| | |
| Nova requires the QPID messaging server to be running.
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| $> sudo service qpidd start && sudo chkconfig qpidd on
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| Nova requires the libvirtd server to be running:
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| $> sudo service libvirtd start && sudo chkconfig libvirtd on
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| | |
| Next, you should enable the Glance API and registry services:
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| $> for svc in api registry; do sudo service openstack-glance-$svc start; chkconfig openstack-glance-$svc on ; done
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| | |
| | |
| The openstack-nova-volume service requires an LVM Volume Group called nova-volumes to exist. We simply create this using a loopback sparse disk image. | |
| | |
| $> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img bs=1M seek=20k count=0
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| $> sudo vgcreate nova-volumes $(sudo losetup --show -f /var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img)
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| | |
| If you are testing OpenStack in a virtual machine, you need to configure nova to use qemu without KVM and hardware virtualization:
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT libvirt_type qemu
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| Now you can start the various services:
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| $> for svc in api objectstore compute network volume scheduler cert; do service openstack-nova-$svc start ; sudo chkconfig openstack-nova-$svc on ; done
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| Check that all the services started up correctly and look in the logs in <code>/var/log/nova</code> for errors. If there are none, then Nova is up and running!
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| | |
| == Initial Keystone setup ==
| |
| | |
| Keystone is the openstack identity service, providing a central place to
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| set up openstack users, groups, and accounts that can be shared across all
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| other services. This deprecates the old style user accounts manually set
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| up with nova-manage.
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| Setting up keystone is required for using the Openstack dashboard.
| |
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| * Configure the Keystone database, similar to how we do it for nova
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| $> sudo openstack-keystone-db-setup
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| | |
| * Set up a keystonerc file with a generated admin token and various passwords:
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| $> cat > keystonerc <<EOF
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| export ADMIN_TOKEN=$(openssl rand -hex 10)
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| export OS_USERNAME=admin
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| export OS_PASSWORD=verybadpass
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| export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
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| export OS_AUTH_URL=http://127.0.0.1:5000/v2.0/
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| EOF
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| $> . ./keystonerc
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| | |
| * Set the administrative token in the config file
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf DEFAULT admin_token $ADMIN_TOKEN
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| * Start and enable Keystone service
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| $> sudo service openstack-keystone start && sudo chkconfig openstack-keystone on
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| | |
| * Create sample Tenants, Users and Roles
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| $> sudo ADMIN_PASSWORD=$OS_PASSWORD SERVICE_PASSWORD=servicepass openstack-keystone-sample-data
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| * Test the Keystone CLI is working
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| $> keystone user-list
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| +----------------------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+
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| | id | enabled | email | name |
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| +----------------------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+
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| | 05742d10109540d2892d17ec312a6cd9 | True | admin@example.com | admin |
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| | 25fe47659d6a4255a663e6add1979d6c | True | admin@example.com | demo |
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| +----------------------------------+---------+-------------------+-------+
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| | |
| == Configure nova to use keystone ==
| |
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| * Change nova configuration to use keystone:
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_tenant_name service
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_user nova
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_password servicepass
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
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| $> sudo service openstack-nova-api restart
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| | |
| * Verify that nova can talk with keystone (requires OS_* exports from previous keystone section)
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| $> nova flavor-list
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| +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+-------------+
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| | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Swap | Local_GB | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor |
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| +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+-------------+
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| | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | | 0 | 1 | 1.0 |
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| | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | | 10 | 1 | 1.0 |
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| | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | | 10 | 2 | 1.0 |
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| | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | | 10 | 4 | 1.0 |
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| | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | | 10 | 8 | 1.0 |
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| +----+-----------+-----------+------+----------+-------+-------------+
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| | |
| == Configure glance to use keystone ==
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| * Change glance configuration to use keystone:
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_tenant_name service
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_user glance
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_password servicepass
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_tenant_name service
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_user glance
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini filter:authtoken admin_password servicepass
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| $> sudo service openstack-glance-api restart
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| $> sudo service openstack-glance-registry restart
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| | |
| * Verify that glance can talk with keystone (requires OS_* exports from the previous keystone section)
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| $> glance index
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| == Nova Network Setup ==
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| To create the network do:
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| $> sudo nova-manage network create demonet 10.0.0.0/24 1 256 --bridge=demonetbr0
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| NB the network range here, should *not* be the one used on your existing physical network. It should be a range dedicated for the network that OpenStack will configure. So if 10.0.0.0/24 clashes with your local network, pick another range
| |
| | |
| == Register an Image ==
| |
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| To run an instance, you are going to need an image. There are prebuilt Fedora 16 JEOS (Just Enough OS) images that can be downloaded.
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| Note this will download a 200MB image (without a progress bar)
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| $> glance add name=f16-jeos is_public=true disk_format=qcow2 container_format=ovf \
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| copy_from=http://berrange.fedorapeople.org/images/2012-02-29/f16-x86_64-openstack-sda.qcow2
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| == Launch an Instance ==
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| Create a keypair:
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|
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| $> nova keypair-add mykey > oskey.priv
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| $> chmod 600 oskey.priv
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| Launch an instance:
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| $> nova boot myserver --flavor 2 --key_name mykey \
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| --image $(glance index | grep f16-jeos | awk '{print $1}')
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| And then observe the instance running, observe the KVM VM running and SSH into the instance:
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| $> sudo virsh list
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| $> nova list
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| $> ssh -i oskey.priv ec2-user@10.0.0.2
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| $> nova console-log myserver
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| $> nova delete myserver
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| == Configure the OpenStack Dashboard ==
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| The OpenStack dashboard is the official web user interface for OpenStack. It should mostly work out of the box, as long as keystone has been configured properly.
| |
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| * Install the dashboard
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| $> sudo yum install openstack-dashboard
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| * Make sure httpd is running
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| $> sudo service httpd restart
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| $> sudo chkconfig httpd on
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| * If selinux is enabled, you will have to allow httpd to access other network services (the dashboard talks to the http API of the other OpenStack services)
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| $> sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect=on
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| The dashboard should then be accessed with a web browser at http://localhost/dashboard . Account and password should be
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| what you configured for the keystone setup.
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| To open up the firewall ports for HTTP, edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables and add the following two lines:
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| -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
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| -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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| just before the line:
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| -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
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| And restart iptables:
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| >$ sudo service iptables restart
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| = Additional Functionality =
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| == Using Eucalyptus tools ==
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| Set up a rc file for EC2 access (this expects a prior keystone configuration)
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| $> . ./keystonerc
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| $> USER_ID=$(keystone user-list | awk '/admin / {print $2}')
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| $> ACCESS_KEY=$(keystone ec2-credentials-list --user $USER_ID | awk '/admin / {print $4}')
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| $> SECRET_KEY=$(keystone ec2-credentials-list --user $USER_ID | awk '/admin / {print $6}')
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| $> cat > novarc <<EOF
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| export EC2_URL=http://localhost:8773/services/Cloud
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| export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=$ACCESS_KEY
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| export EC2_SECRET_KEY=$SECRET_KEY
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| EOF
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| $> chmod 600 novarc
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| $> . ./novarc
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| You should now be able to launch an image:
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| $> euca-run-instances f16-jeos -k nova_key
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| $> euca-describe-instances
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| $> euca-get-console-output i-00000001
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| $> euca-terminate-instances i-00000001
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| == Images ==
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| Rather than the prebuilt Fedora 16 JEOS image referenced above, there are other image options.
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| # Building a Fedora 16 JEOS image using [http://aeolusproject.org/oz.html Oz]
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| # Downloading ttylinux based minimal images used by OpenStack developers for testing
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| === Building Fedora 16 JEOS Images With Oz ===
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| You can very easily build an image using Oz. First, make sure it's installed:
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| $> sudo yum install /usr/bin/oz-install
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| Create a template definition file called <code>f16-jeos.tdl</code> containing:
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| <nowiki>
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| <template>
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| <name>fedora16_x86_64</name>
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| <description>My Fedora 16 x86_64 template</description>
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| <os>
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| <name>Fedora</name>
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| <version>16</version>
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| <arch>x86_64</arch>
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| <install type='url'>
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| <url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/</url>
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| </install>
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| </os>
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| <commands>
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| <command name='setup-rc-local'>
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| sed -i 's/rhgb quiet/console=ttyS0/' /boot/grub/grub.conf
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|
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| cat >> /etc/rc.local &lt;&lt; EOF
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| if [ ! -d /root/.ssh ]; then
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| mkdir -p /root/.ssh
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| chmod 700 /root/.ssh
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| fi
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|
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| # Fetch public key using HTTP
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| ATTEMPTS=10
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| while [ ! -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ]; do
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| curl -f http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key > /tmp/aws-key 2>/dev/null
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| if [ \$? -eq 0 ]; then
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| cat /tmp/aws-key >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| restorecon /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| rm -f /tmp/aws-key
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| echo "Successfully retrieved AWS public key from instance metadata"
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| else
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| FAILED=\$((\$FAILED + 1))
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| if [ \$FAILED -ge \$ATTEMPTS ]; then
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| echo "Failed to retrieve AWS public key after \$FAILED attempts, quitting"
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| break
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| fi
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| echo "Could not retrieve AWS public key (attempt #\$FAILED/\$ATTEMPTS), retrying in 5 seconds..."
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| sleep 5
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| fi
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| done
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| EOF
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| </command>
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| </commands>
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| </template>
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| </nowiki>
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| Then simply do:
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| $> sudo oz-install -d4 -u f16-jeos.tdl
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| Once built, you simply have to register the image with Nova:
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| $> glance add name=f16-jeos is_public=true container_format=bare disk_format=raw < /var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora16_x86_64.dsk
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| $> glance index
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| The last command should return a list of the images registered with the Glance image registry.
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| === Downloading Existing Images ===
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| If you don't need a functioning Fedora 16 and want the smallest possible images, just download this set of images commonly used by OpenStack developers for testing and register them with Nova:
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| $> mkdir images
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| $> cd images
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| $> curl http://images.ansolabs.com/tty.tgz | tar xvfzo -
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| $> glance add name=aki-tty disk_format=aki container_format=aki is_public=true < aki-tty/image
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| $> glance add name=ami-tty disk_format=ami container_format=ami is_public=true < ami-tty/image
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| $> glance add name=ari-tty disk_format=ari container_format=ari is_public=true < ari-tty/image
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| Then to start the image:
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| $> euca-run-instances ami-tty --kernel aki-tty --ramdisk ari-tty -k mykey
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| == Volumes ==
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| If you use the Chrome browser, kill it before embarking on this section, as it has been [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=727925 known] to cause the lvcreate command to fail with 'incorrect semaphore state' errors.
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| Start the SCSI target daemon
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| $> sudo systemctl start tgtd.service
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| $> sudo systemctl enable tgtd.service
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| Create a new 1GB volume
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| $> VOLUME=$(euca-create-volume -s 1 -z nova | awk '{print $2}')
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| View the status of the new volume, and wait for it to become 'available'
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| $> watch "euca-describe-volumes | grep $VOLUME | grep available"
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| Re-run the previously terminated instance if necessary:
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| $> INSTANCE=$(euca-run-instances f16-jeos -k mykey | grep INSTANCE | awk '{print $2}')
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| or:
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| $> INSTANCE=$(euca-run-instances ami-tty --kernel aki-tty --ramdisk ari-tty -k mykey | grep INSTANCE | awk '{print $2}')
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| Make the storage available to the instance (note -d is the device on the compute node)
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| $> euca-attach-volume -i $INSTANCE -d /dev/vdc $VOLUME
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| ssh to the instance and verify that the vdc device is listed in /proc/partitions
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| $> cat /proc/partitions
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| Now make the device available if /dev/vdc is not already present
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| $> mknod /dev/vdc b 252 32
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| Create and mount a file system directly on the device
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| $> mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdc
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| $> mkdir /mnt/nova-volume
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| $> mount /dev/vdc /mnt/nova-volume
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| Display some file system details
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| $> df -h /dev/vdc
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| Create a temporary file:
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| $> echo foo > /mnt/nova-volume/bar
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| Terminate and re-run the instance, then re-attach the volume and re-mount within the instance as above. Your temporary file will have persisted:
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| $> cat /mnt/nova-volume/bar
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| Unmount the volume again:
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| $> umount /mnt/nova-volume
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| Exit from the ssh session, then detach and delete the volume:
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| $> euca-detach-volume $VOLUME
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| $> euca-delete-volume $VOLUME
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| == Floating IPs ==
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| You may carve out a block of public IPs and assign them to instances.
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| First thing you need to do is make sure that nova is configured with the correct public network interface. The default is eth0, but you can change it by e.g.
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT public_interface em1
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| $> sudo systemctl restart openstack-nova-network.service
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| Then you can do e.g.
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| $> sudo nova-manage floating create 172.31.0.224/28
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| $> euca-allocate-address
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| $> euca-associate-address -i i-00000012 172.31.0.224
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| $> ssh -i nova_key.priv root@172.31.0.224
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| $> euca-disassociate-address 172.31.0.224
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| $> euca-release-address 172.31.0.224
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| | |
| = Deployment =
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| == Adding a Compute Node ==
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| Okay, everything so far has been done on a single node. The next step is to add another node for running VMs.
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| Let's assume the machine you've set up above is called 'controller' and the new machine is called 'node'.
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| First, open the rabbitmq, MySQL, Nova API and iSCSI ports on controller:
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 3306:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 5672:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 9292:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 3260:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo service libvirtd reload
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| Then make sure that ntp is enabled on both machines:
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| $> sudo yum install -y ntp
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| $> sudo service ntpd start
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| $> sudo chkconfig ntpd on
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| Install libvirt and nova on node:
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| $ node> sudo yum install --enablerepo=updates-testing openstack-nova
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| $ node> sudo service libvirtd start
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| $ node> sudo chkconfig libvirtd on
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| $ node> sudo setenforce 0
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| | |
| Configure nova so that node can find the services on controller:
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rabbit_host controller
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT sql_connection mysql://nova:nova@controller/nova
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT glance_api_servers controller:9292
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT iscsi_ip_prefix 172.31.0.107
| |
| | |
| (The {{{iscsi_ip_prefix}}} value is the IP address of the controller node)
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| Enable the compute service:
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| $ node> for svc in compute network; do sudo service openstack-nova-$svc start; done
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| | |
| Finally, you need to make sure the network is configured with a physical bridge interface:
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| $ controller> sudo nova-manage network create demonet 10.0.0.0/24 --bridge=demonetbr0 --bridge_interface=em1
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| | |
| Now everything should be running as before, except the VMs are launched either on controller or node.
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| | |
| == Manual Setup of MySQL ==
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| | |
| As of <code>openstack-nova-2011.3-9.el6</code> and <code>openstack-nova-2011.3-8.fc16</code>, <code>openstack-nova</code> is now set up to use MySQL by default. If you're updating an older installation or prefer to set up MySQL manually instead of using the <code>openstack-nova-db-setup</code> script, this section shows how to do it.
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| First install and enable MySQL:
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| $> sudo yum install -y mysql-server
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| $> sudo service mysqld start
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| $> sudo chkconfig mysqld on
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| | |
| Set a password for the root account and delete the anonymous accounts:
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| $> mysql -u root
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| mysql> update mysql.user set password = password('iamroot') where user = 'root';
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| mysql> <nowiki>delete from mysql.user where user = ''</nowiki>;
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| Create a database and user account specifically for nova:
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| mysql> create database nova;
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| mysql> create user 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
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| mysql> create user 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';
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| mysql> grant all on nova.* to 'nova'@'%';
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| | |
| (If anyone can explain why nova@localhost is required even though the anonymous accounts have been deleted, I'd be very grateful :-)
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| | |
| Then configure nova to use the DB and install the schema:
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| | |
| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT sql_connection mysql://nova:nova@localhost/nova
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| $> sudo nova-manage db sync
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| | |
| As a final sanity check:
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| | |
| $> mysql -u nova -p nova
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| Enter password:
| |
| mysql> select * from migrate_version;
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| | |
| = Miscellaneous =
| |
| | |
| == Smoke Tests ==
| |
| | |
| Nova comes with a selection of fairly basic smoke tests which you can run against your installation. It can be useful to use these to sanity check your configuration.
| |
| | |
| First off, you need the nova-adminclient python library which isn't yet packaged:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum install python-pip
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| $> sudo pip-python install nova-adminclient
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| | |
| Then you need a user and project both named admin:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo nova-manage user admin admin
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| $> sudo nova-manage project create admin admin
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| $> sudo nova-manage project zipfile admin admin
| |
| $> unzip nova.zip
| |
| $> . ./novarc
| |
| | |
| Make sure you have the tty images imported as described above. You also need a block of floating IPs created, also as described above.
| |
| | |
| Then, run the tests from a fedpkg checkout:
| |
| | |
| $> fedpkg clone openstack-nova
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| $> cd openstack-nova
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| $> fedpkg switch-branch f16
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| $> fedpkg prep
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| $> cd nova-2011.3/smoketests
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| $> python ./run_tests.py
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| | |
| All the tests should pass.
| |
| | |
| If you run into import errors such as:
| |
| | |
| ImportError: No module named nose
| |
| | |
| or:
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| | |
| ImportError (No module named paramiko)
| |
| | |
| simply install the missing dependency as follows:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum install -y python-nose.noarch
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| $> sudo yum install -y python-paramiko.noarch
| |
| | |
| == Cleanup ==
| |
| | |
| While testing OpenStack, you might want to delete everything related to OpenStack and start testing with a clean slate again.
| |
| | |
| Here's how. First, make sure to terminate all running instances:
| |
| | |
| $> euca-terminate-instances ...
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| | |
| Double check that you have no lingering VMs, perhaps saved to disk:
| |
| | |
| $> virsh list --all && virsh undefine
| |
| $> rm -f /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/save/instance-00000*
| |
| | |
| Then stop all the services:
| |
| | |
| $> for iii in /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-*.service; do sudo systemctl stop $(basename $iii); done
| |
| | |
| Delete all the packages:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum erase python-glance python-nova* python-keystone* openstack-swift*
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| | |
| Delete the nova and keystone tables from the MySQL DB:
| |
| | |
| $> mysql -u root -p -e 'drop database nova;'
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| $> mysql -u root -p -e 'drop database keystone;'
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| | |
| Delete the nova-volumes VG:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo vgchange -an nova-volumes
| |
| $> sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
| |
| $> sudo rm -f /var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img
| |
| | |
| Take down the bridge and kill dnsmasq:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo ip link set demonetbr0 down
| |
| $> sudo brctl delbr demonetbr0
| |
| $> sudo kill -9 $(cat /var/lib/nova/networks/nova-demonetbr0.pid)
| |
| | |
| Remove all directories left behind from the packages:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo rm -rf /etc/{glance,nova,swift,keystone,openstack-dashboard} /var/lib/{glance,nova,swift,keystone} /var/log/{glance,nova,swift,keystone} /var/run/{glance,nova,swift,keystone}
| |
| | |
| Finally, restart iptables to clear out all rules added by Nova. You also need to reload libvirt's iptables rules:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo service iptables restart
| |
| $> sudo service libvirtd restart
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Cloud SIG]]
| |
