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| = Basic Setup = | | = OpenStack in EPEL = |
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| These steps will setup OpenStack services to be accessed by the OpenStack dashboard web UI on a *single node*,
| | The OpenStack Folsom was retired from EPEL 6. |
| and also show steps to launch our first instance (virtual machine).
| | Please visit [https://www.rdoproject.org/ RDO project] for running OpenStack on EL platforms. |
| | |
| Many of the examples here require 'sudo' to be properly configured, please see [[Configuring Sudo]] if you need help.
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| == Enable EPEL repositories ==
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| $> sudo rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
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| First let's pull in some preliminary dependencies
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| $> sudo yum -y openstack-utils qpid-cpp-server avahi
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| == Adjust qpidd authentication ==
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| Ensure auth=no is set in /etc/qpidd.conf
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| == Disable mDNS (optional) ==
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| As per [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=746111 Bug #746111], unless you have installed and are using avahi-libs, you should disable mdns_adv in /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
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| $> sudo sed -i 's/#mdns_adv = 0/mdns_adv = 0/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
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| (Note: This has been fixed upstream, but may still affect older versions)
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| == Setup DHCP control depending on distro ==
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| On RHEL 6.2 or below:
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| $> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT force_dhcp_release False
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| On RHEL 6.3 or above:
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| $> sudo yum install dnsmasq-utils # from the Red Hat '''optional''' channel
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| == Start support services ==
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| Nova requires dbus to be running:
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| $> sudo service messagebus start && sudo chkconfig messagebus on
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| == Install and Setup OpenStack on a single node ==
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| This script will install nova, glance, quantum, cinder, swift, keystone, dashboard.
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| Note it configures and enables all but the quantum service at this time
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| sudo [https://github.com/fedora-openstack/openstack-utils/blob/master/utils/openstack-demo-install openstack-demo-install]
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| Now copy the keystonerc file created by the install script above to your home directory, so that it can be easily sourced to provide the credentials used by the various OpenStack command line utilities.
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| sudo cp /root/keystonerc ~
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| == Installing within a VM ==
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| If you are testing OpenStack in a virtual machine, openstack-demo-install will have
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| already detected this and configured nova to use qemu without KVM and hardware virtualization.
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| Note nested virtualization will be the much slower TCG variety, and you should provide lots of memory to the top level guest,
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| as the openstack created guests default to 2GM RAM with no overcommit.
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| We still need some manual config to work around a libvirt issue fixed in RHEL 6.4.
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| $> sudo ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64
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| $> sudo service libvirtd restart
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| $> sudo service openstack-nova-compute restart
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| == Enable external access to OpenStack Dashboard ==
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| To open up the firewall ports for HTTP:
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| $> sudo lokkit -p http:tcp
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| $> sudo lokkit -p https:tcp
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| The dashboard should be accessible at http://$HOST/dashboard . Account and password should be
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| what you configured for the keystone setup, which is displayed when openstack-demo-install completes.
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| = Basic Folsom Operations =
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| The operational instructions below have not been updated for Folsom at present.
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| For Folsom specific details please see [https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Test_Day:2012-09-18_OpenStack#Setup_OpenStack_volumes OpenStack Folsom test cases]
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| = Basic OpenStack Operations =
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| The items below have only been tested on the Essex version of OpenStack,
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| and may need adjustment for OpenStack Folsom.
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| == Setup volume storage ==
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| The openstack-nova-volume service requires an LVM Volume Group called nova-volumes to exist. We simply create this using a loopback sparse disk image.
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| $> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img bs=1M seek=20k count=0
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| $> sudo vgcreate nova-volumes $(sudo losetup --show -f /var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img)
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| == Nova Network Setup ==
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| To create the network do:
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| $> sudo nova-manage network create demonet 10.0.0.0/24 1 256 --bridge=demonetbr0
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| NB the network range here, should *not* be the one used on your existing physical network. It should be a range dedicated for the network that OpenStack will configure. So if 10.0.0.0/24 clashes with your local network, pick another range
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| == Register an Image ==
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| To run an instance, you are going to need an image. There are prebuilt Fedora 16 JEOS (Just Enough OS) images that can be downloaded.
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| Note this will download a 200MB image (without a progress bar)
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| $> glance add name=f16-jeos is_public=true disk_format=qcow2 container_format=ovf \
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| copy_from=http://berrange.fedorapeople.org/images/2012-02-29/f16-x86_64-openstack-sda.qcow2
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| == Launch an Instance ==
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| Create a keypair:
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|
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| $> nova keypair-add mykey > oskey.priv
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| $> chmod 600 oskey.priv
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| Configure key injection mode, to allow guestfs to inject into multiple guest types:
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| $> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT libvirt_inject_partition -1
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| $> sudo service openstack-nova-compute restart
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| Launch an instance:
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| $> nova boot myserver --flavor 2 --key_name mykey \
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| --image $(glance index | grep f16-jeos | awk '{print $1}')
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| And then observe the instance running, observe the KVM VM running and SSH into the instance:
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| $> sudo virsh list
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| $> nova list
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| $> ssh -i oskey.priv root@10.0.0.2 # use ec2-user instead of root if launching the image f16-x86_64-openstack-sda
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| $> nova console-log myserver
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| $> nova delete myserver
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| = Additional Functionality =
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| == Using Eucalyptus tools ==
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| Set up a rc file for EC2 access (this expects a prior keystone configuration)
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| $> . ./keystonerc
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| $> USER_ID=$(keystone user-list | awk '/admin / {print $2}')
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| $> ACCESS_KEY=$(keystone ec2-credentials-list --user-id $USER_ID | awk '/admin / {print $4}')
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| $> SECRET_KEY=$(keystone ec2-credentials-list --user-id $USER_ID | awk '/admin / {print $6}')
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| $> cat > novarc <<EOF
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| export EC2_URL=http://localhost:8773/services/Cloud
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| export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=$ACCESS_KEY
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| export EC2_SECRET_KEY=$SECRET_KEY
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| EOF
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| $> chmod 600 novarc
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| $> . ./novarc
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| You should now be able to launch an image:
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| $> euca-run-instances f16-jeos -k nova_key
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| $> euca-describe-instances
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| $> euca-get-console-output i-00000001
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| $> euca-terminate-instances i-00000001
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| == Images ==
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| Rather than the prebuilt Fedora 16 JEOS image referenced above, there are other image options.
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| # Building a Fedora 16 JEOS image using [http://aeolusproject.org/oz.html Oz]
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| # Downloading ttylinux based minimal images used by OpenStack developers for testing
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| === Building Fedora 16 JEOS Images With Oz ===
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| You can very easily build an image using Oz. First, make sure it's installed:
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| $> sudo yum install /usr/bin/oz-install
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| Create a template definition file called <code>f16-jeos.tdl</code> containing:
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| <nowiki>
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| <template>
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| <name>fedora16_x86_64</name>
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| <description>My Fedora 16 x86_64 template</description>
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| <os>
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| <name>Fedora</name>
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| <version>16</version>
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| <arch>x86_64</arch>
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| <install type='url'>
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| <url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/</url>
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| </install>
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| </os>
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| <commands>
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| <command name='setup-rc-local'>
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| sed -i 's/rhgb quiet/console=ttyS0/' /boot/grub/grub.conf
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|
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| cat >> /etc/rc.local &lt;&lt; EOF
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| if [ ! -d /root/.ssh ]; then
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| mkdir -p /root/.ssh
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| chmod 700 /root/.ssh
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| fi
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|
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| # Fetch public key using HTTP
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| ATTEMPTS=10
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| while [ ! -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ]; do
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| curl -f http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key > /tmp/aws-key 2>/dev/null
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| if [ \$? -eq 0 ]; then
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| cat /tmp/aws-key >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| restorecon /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| rm -f /tmp/aws-key
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| echo "Successfully retrieved AWS public key from instance metadata"
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| else
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| FAILED=\$((\$FAILED + 1))
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| if [ \$FAILED -ge \$ATTEMPTS ]; then
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| echo "Failed to retrieve AWS public key after \$FAILED attempts, quitting"
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| break
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| fi
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| echo "Could not retrieve AWS public key (attempt #\$FAILED/\$ATTEMPTS), retrying in 5 seconds..."
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| sleep 5
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| fi
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| done
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| EOF
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| </command>
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| </commands>
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| </template>
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| </nowiki>
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| Then simply do:
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| $> sudo oz-install -d4 -u f16-jeos.tdl
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| Once built, you simply have to register the image with Nova:
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| $> glance add name=f16-jeos is_public=true container_format=bare disk_format=raw < /var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora16_x86_64.dsk
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| $> glance index
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| The last command should return a list of the images registered with the Glance image registry.
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| === Downloading Existing Images ===
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| If you don't need a functioning Fedora 16 and want the smallest possible images, just download this set of images commonly used by OpenStack developers for testing and register them with Nova:
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| $> mkdir images
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| $> cd images
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| $> curl http://images.ansolabs.com/tty.tgz | tar xvfzo -
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| $> glance add name=aki-tty disk_format=aki container_format=aki is_public=true < aki-tty/image
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| $> glance add name=ami-tty disk_format=ami container_format=ami is_public=true < ami-tty/image
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| $> glance add name=ari-tty disk_format=ari container_format=ari is_public=true < ari-tty/image
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| Then to start the image:
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| $> euca-run-instances ami-tty --kernel aki-tty --ramdisk ari-tty -k mykey
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| == Volumes ==
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| If you use the Chrome browser, kill it before embarking on this section, as it has been [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=727925 known] to cause the lvcreate command to fail with 'incorrect semaphore state' errors.
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| Note when setting up volumes in production, make sure you don't put your volume nodes on the same network as your guests
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| when using the default volume driver, as all the iscsi targets are discoverable and accessible without any security.
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| Start the SCSI target daemon
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| $> sudo systemctl start tgtd.service
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| $> sudo systemctl enable tgtd.service
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| Create a new 1GB volume
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| $> VOLUME=$(euca-create-volume -s 1 -z nova | awk '{print $2}')
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| View the status of the new volume, and wait for it to become 'available'
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| $> watch "euca-describe-volumes | grep $VOLUME | grep available"
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| Re-run the previously terminated instance if necessary:
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| $> INSTANCE=$(euca-run-instances f16-jeos -k mykey | grep INSTANCE | awk '{print $2}')
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| or:
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| $> INSTANCE=$(euca-run-instances ami-tty --kernel aki-tty --ramdisk ari-tty -k mykey | grep INSTANCE | awk '{print $2}')
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| Make the storage available to the instance (note -d is the device on the compute node)
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| $> euca-attach-volume -i $INSTANCE -d /dev/vdc $VOLUME
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| ssh to the instance and verify that the vdc device is listed in /proc/partitions
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| $> cat /proc/partitions
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| Now make the device available if /dev/vdc is not already present
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| $> mknod /dev/vdc b 252 32
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| Create and mount a file system directly on the device
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| $> mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdc
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| $> mkdir /mnt/nova-volume
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| $> mount /dev/vdc /mnt/nova-volume
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| Display some file system details
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| $> df -h /dev/vdc
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| Create a temporary file:
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| $> echo foo > /mnt/nova-volume/bar
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| Terminate and re-run the instance, then re-attach the volume and re-mount within the instance as above. Your temporary file will have persisted:
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| $> cat /mnt/nova-volume/bar
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| Unmount the volume again:
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| $> umount /mnt/nova-volume
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| Exit from the ssh session, then detach and delete the volume:
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| $> euca-detach-volume $VOLUME
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| $> euca-delete-volume $VOLUME
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| == Floating IPs ==
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| You may carve out a block of public IPs and assign them to instances.
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| First thing you need to do is make sure that nova is configured with the correct public network interface. The default is eth0, but you can change it by e.g.
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| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT public_interface em1
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| $> sudo systemctl restart openstack-nova-network.service
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| Then you can do e.g.
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| $> sudo nova-manage floating create 172.31.0.224/28
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| $> euca-allocate-address
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| $> euca-associate-address -i i-00000012 172.31.0.224
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| $> ssh -i nova_key.priv root@172.31.0.224
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| $> euca-disassociate-address 172.31.0.224
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| $> euca-release-address 172.31.0.224
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| == VNC access ==
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| To setup VNC access to guests through the dashboard:
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| nova-novncproxy reads some parameters in /etc/nova/nova.conf file.
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| First you need to configure your cloud controller to enable VNC
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| novncproxy_host = 0.0.0.0
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| novncproxy_port = 6080
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| and in the nova compute nodes you need something like this
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| <pre>novncproxy_base_url=http://NOVNCPROXY_FQDN:6080/vnc_auto.html
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| vnc_enabled=true
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| vncserver_listen=COMPUTE_FQDN
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| vncserver_proxyclient_address=COMPUTE_FQDN</pre>
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| You should also make sure that openstack-nova-consoleauth has been started on the controller node:
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| <pre>
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| $ controller> sudo /etc/init.d/openstack-nova-consoleauth restart</pre>
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| After restarting nova services on both nodes the newly created machines will run the qemu-kvm with a parameter -vnc compute_fqdn:display_number.
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| Then after starting the novncproxy and connecting to the dashboard it will discover the host and point to the novncproxy with the appropriate values and connect to the VM.
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| Note ensure than the iptables entries for VNC ports (5900+DISPLAYNUMBER) are allowed.
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| == Migrate and Resize ==
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| This is implemented currently by transferring the images between compute nodes over ssh.
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| Therefore currently you need to make these adjustments on each compute node to allow that.
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| * Allow logins for the nova user
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| # usermod -s /bin/bash nova
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| # su - nova
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| $ mkdir .ssh && cd .ssh
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| * Disable host identity checking by adding this to ssh config
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| $ cat > config <<EOF
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| Host *
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| StrictHostKeyChecking no
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| UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
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| EOF
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| * Generate and distribute ssh key
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| $ ssh-keygen -f id_rsa -b 1024 -P ''
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| $ scp /var/lib/nova/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@otherHost:/var/lib/nova/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| # chown nova:nova /var/lib/nova/.ssh/authorized_keys
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| # semanage permissive -a sshd_t
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| To improve the SELinux config in future, the nova_var_lib_t context on /var/lib/nova will,
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| need to be configured to allow search access by sshd_t.
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| Also the ssh_home_t context will need to be associated with /var/lib/nova/.ssh
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| == Live Migration of VM instances ==
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| First note the [http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/admin/content/configuring-live-migrations.html official OpenStack docs on the feature]
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| and a [https://review.openstack.org/#/c/11172/ doc patch distinguishing libvirt live migration].
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| * Seting NFS server
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| ** Make an nfs share with no_root_squash (nova uses root-wrap to chown the instance's disk to qemu:qemu)
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| ** Make nova user and qemu user:
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| nova:x:162:162::/home/nova:/bin/bash
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| qemu:x:107:107::/home/qemu:/bin/bash
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| ** chown -R nova:nova /the/nfs/share
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| * Mount nfs share on each host at /var/lib/nova/instances
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| * Configure libvirt
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| ** See the [http://libvirt.org/remote.html#Remote_certificates libvirt wiki] as to how to create certificates.
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| ** Edit /etc/libvirt/libvirt.conf
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| listen_tcp = 1
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| tcp_port = "16509"
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| auth_tcp = "none"
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| ** Edit /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd
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| LIBVIRTD_ARGS="--listen"
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| * Restart libvirtd & OpenStack compute services
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| = Deployment =
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| == Adding a Compute Node ==
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| Okay, everything so far has been done on a single node. The next step is to add another node for running VMs.
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| Let's assume the machine you've set up above is called 'controller' and the new machine is called 'node'.
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| First, open the qpid, MySQL, Nova API and iSCSI ports on controller:
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 3306:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 5672:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 9292:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo lokkit -p 3260:tcp
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| $ controller> sudo service libvirtd reload
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| Then make sure that ntp is enabled on both machines:
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| $> sudo yum install -y ntp
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| $> sudo service ntpd start
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| $> sudo chkconfig ntpd on
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| Install libvirt and nova on node:
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| $ node> sudo yum install --enablerepo=epel-testing openstack-nova python-keystone openstack-utils
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| $ node> sudo service libvirtd start
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| $ node> sudo chkconfig libvirtd on
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| $ node> sudo setenforce 0
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| Configure nova so that node can find the services on controller:
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT qpid_hostname controller
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT sql_connection mysql://nova:nova@controller/nova
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT glance_api_servers controller:9292
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT iscsi_ip_prefix 172.31.0.107
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
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| (The {{{iscsi_ip_prefix}}} value is the IP address of the controller node)
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| Configure the Network interfaces
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| The bridge name should match what use used in the nova-manage command on the controller
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT flat_network_bridge demonetbr0
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| The device which should be moved onto the bridge (nova will set up this bridge, once it done you can view it with the brctl command
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| $ node> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT flat_interface eth0
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| $ controller> sudo openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT flat_interface eth0
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| $ node> brctl show
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| Enable the compute service:
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| $ node> sudo service openstack-nova-compute start
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| Now everything should be running as before, except the VMs are launched either on controller or node. You will only be able to ping/ssh to vm's from the controller node.
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| == Manual Setup of MySQL ==
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| As of <code>openstack-nova-2011.3-9.el6</code> and <code>openstack-nova-2011.3-8.fc16</code>, <code>openstack-nova</code> is now set up to use MySQL by default. If you're updating an older installation or prefer to set up MySQL manually instead of using the <code>openstack-nova-db-setup</code> script, this section shows how to do it.
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| First install and enable MySQL:
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| $> sudo yum install -y mysql-server
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| $> sudo service mysqld start
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| $> sudo chkconfig mysqld on
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| Set a password for the root account and delete the anonymous accounts:
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| $> mysql -u root
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| mysql> update mysql.user set password = password('iamroot') where user = 'root';
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| mysql> <nowiki>delete from mysql.user where user = ''</nowiki>;
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| Create a database and user account specifically for nova:
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| mysql> create database nova;
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| mysql> create user 'nova'@'localhost' identified by 'nova';
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| mysql> create user 'nova'@'%' identified by 'nova';
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| mysql> grant all on nova.* to 'nova'@'%';
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| | |
| (If anyone can explain why nova@localhost is required even though the anonymous accounts have been deleted, I'd be very grateful :-)
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| | |
| Then configure nova to use the DB and install the schema:
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| | |
| $> sudo openstack-config-set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT sql_connection mysql://nova:nova@localhost/nova
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| $> sudo nova-manage db sync
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| | |
| As a final sanity check:
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| | |
| $> mysql -u nova -p nova
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| Enter password:
| |
| mysql> select * from migrate_version;
| |
| | |
| = Miscellaneous =
| |
| | |
| == Smoke Tests ==
| |
| | |
| Nova comes with a selection of fairly basic smoke tests which you can run against your installation. It can be useful to use these to sanity check your configuration.
| |
| | |
| First off, you need the nova-adminclient python library which isn't yet packaged:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum install python-pip
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| $> sudo pip-python install nova-adminclient
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| | |
| Then you need a user and project both named admin:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo nova-manage user admin admin
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| $> sudo nova-manage project create admin admin
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| $> sudo nova-manage project zipfile admin admin
| |
| $> unzip nova.zip
| |
| $> . ./novarc
| |
| | |
| Make sure you have the tty images imported as described above. You also need a block of floating IPs created, also as described above.
| |
| | |
| Then, run the tests from a fedpkg checkout:
| |
| | |
| $> fedpkg clone openstack-nova
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| $> cd openstack-nova
| |
| $> fedpkg switch-branch f16
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| $> fedpkg prep
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| $> cd nova-2011.3/smoketests
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| $> python ./run_tests.py
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| | |
| All the tests should pass.
| |
| | |
| If you run into import errors such as:
| |
| | |
| ImportError: No module named nose
| |
| | |
| or:
| |
| | |
| ImportError (No module named paramiko)
| |
| | |
| simply install the missing dependency as follows:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum install -y python-nose.noarch
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| $> sudo yum install -y python-paramiko.noarch
| |
| | |
| == Cleanup ==
| |
| | |
| While testing OpenStack, you might want to delete everything related to OpenStack and start testing with a clean slate again.
| |
| | |
| Here's how. First, make sure to terminate all running instances:
| |
| | |
| $> euca-terminate-instances ...
| |
| | |
| Double check that you have no lingering VMs, perhaps saved to disk:
| |
| | |
| $> virsh list --all && virsh undefine
| |
| $> rm -f /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/save/instance-00000*
| |
| | |
| Then stop all the services:
| |
| | |
| $> for iii in /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-*.service; do sudo systemctl stop $(basename $iii); done
| |
| | |
| Delete all the packages:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo yum erase python-glance python-nova* python-keystone* openstack-swift* memcached
| |
| | |
| Delete the nova and keystone tables from the MySQL DB:
| |
| | |
| $> mysql -u root -p -e 'drop database nova;'
| |
| $> mysql -u root -p -e 'drop database keystone;'
| |
| | |
| Delete the nova-volumes VG:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo vgchange -an nova-volumes
| |
| $> sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
| |
| $> sudo rm -f /var/lib/nova/nova-volumes.img
| |
| | |
| Take down the bridge and kill dnsmasq:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo ip link set demonetbr0 down
| |
| $> sudo brctl delbr demonetbr0
| |
| $> sudo kill -9 $(cat /var/lib/nova/networks/nova-demonetbr0.pid)
| |
| | |
| Remove all directories left behind from the packages:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo rm -rf /etc/{glance,nova,swift,keystone,openstack-dashboard} /var/lib/{glance,nova,swift,keystone} /var/log/{glance,nova,swift,keystone} /var/run/{glance,nova,swift,keystone}
| |
| | |
| Remove swift storage device (if we don't want the data)
| |
| $> sudo umount /srv/node/partitions
| |
| $> sudo losetup -d $DEVICE
| |
| $> rm /tmp/swiftstorage
| |
| | |
| Finally, restart iptables to clear out all rules added by Nova. You also need to reload libvirt's iptables rules:
| |
| | |
| $> sudo service iptables restart
| |
| $> sudo service libvirtd restart
| |
| | |
| [[Category:OpenStack]]
| |
