Architectures/ARM/Installer

Creating a Fedora Install Image for ARM Systems

This will track the work to add ARM support to the standard Fedora installation tools (Anaconda/Lorax).

The plan is to use livemedia-creator to create disk images that can be stored directly on an SDCard to boot a device (e.g., Trim Slice), or booted via an ARM emulator like QEMU. Since most of these devices do not boot from standard media (CD/DVD), and lack the resources to perform standard Anaconda installs, these images can be used for testing, or copied to other storage (i.e., hard drive) for installations.

Warning
This is a work in progress and has not been thoroughly tested. Do not use this on production systems, as it may break things or damage your current installation. It is for development and testing only. Use at your own risk!

Creating a Disk Image

Anaconda and Lorax have been modified to recognize some common ARM systems and select the appropriate kernel for installation. The livemedia-creator tool can be run on an F17 ARM build host to create a disk image. The installation is controlled by a kickstart configuration file. The image created can be copied directly to an SDCard and used to boot the system, for systems so equipped.

The modified versions of Anaconda, Lorax, and grubby are not available from the F17 Fedora-ARM mirrors (changes not committed to F17), so they must be installed from the F17 xpfa repo.

Set Up the Repository

From an F17 ARM system, install the xpfa repo package:

• get the eXtra Packages for Fedora ARM (xpfa) yum repository definition:

sudo yum --nogpgcheck install http://dmarlin.fedorapeople.org/packages/FedoraArm/RPMS/noarch/xpfa-17-1.2.noarch.rpm

• install Anaconda and Lorax

sudo yum --enablerepo=xpfa install anaconda lorax

Building the Image

On the target build host, log in as 'root', and perform the following steps.

• set up a kickstart file

I recommend first using the one of the example kickstart files as a test to make sure everything is set up and working as expected. Then use it as a base for creating other kickstart configuration files.

SELinux
Typically images are created on Koji builders. Koji requires that builders be configured with SELinux disabled. In order to successfully create images using livemedia-creator, please disable SELinux, or at a minimum put it in permissive mode.

• run livemedia-creator

livemedia-creator \
  --make-disk --no-virt --image-only --keep-image \
  --ks=/root/F18-trimslice.ks

By default livemedia-creator creates an image for the build host platform, for example, if run on a Trim Slice, use a Trim Slice kickstart file, and the target image will be for a Trim Slice. The default platform can be overridden using the --armplatform option, for example, to create an image for Panda:

livemedia-creator \
  --make-disk --no-virt --image-only --keep-image \
  --armplatform=omap
  --ks=/root/F18-panda.ks

To create an image for Versatile Express use --armplatform=None. Be sure to use the appropriate kickstart file for the selected target platform.

The disk image is created in /tmp/disk<TempString>.img. When the process completes, the contents of the disk image may be examined by loop-mounting the image file.

The trimslice.ks defines three partitions:

  /boot
  swap
  /

These will be mapped in order, for example:

# kpartx -av <PathToDiskImage>
add map loop0p1 (253:0): 0 522240 linear /dev/loop0 2048
add map loop0p2 (253:1): 0 2621440 linear /dev/loop0 524288
add map loop0p3 (253:2): 0 1046528 linear /dev/loop0 3145728

# ls -l /dev/mapper
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Feb 11 00:46 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr 25 18:49 loop0p1 -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr 25 18:49 loop0p2 -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr 25 18:49 loop0p3 -> ../dm-2

# mkdir -p /mnt/rootfs

# mount -o loop /dev/dm-2 /mnt/rootfs
[108293.766690] EXT4-fs (loop1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

# mount -o loop /dev/dm-0 /mnt/rootfs/boot
[108293.906412] kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
[108293.906531] EXT3-fs (loop2): using internal journal
[108293.906545] EXT3-fs (loop2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode

# pushd /mnt/rootfs/
/mnt/rootfs ~

# ls -l 
total 54
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Sep 13 15:47 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.  4 root root  1024 Sep 13 15:53 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 15 root root  2900 Dec 31  1969 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 83 root root  4096 Oct 11 18:36 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Jul 23 07:53 home
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Sep 13 15:47 lib -> usr/lib
drwx------.  2 root root 16384 Sep 13 15:46 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Jul 23 07:53 media
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Jul 23 07:53 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Jul 23 07:53 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 91 root root     0 Dec 31  1969 proc
dr-xr-x---.  3 root root  4096 Oct 11 17:40 root
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root   680 Oct 11 18:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     8 Sep 13 15:47 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Jul 23 07:53 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 12 root root     0 Dec 31  1969 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  7 root root   140 Oct 11 18:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root  4096 Sep 13 15:47 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root  4096 Sep 13 15:52 var


# ls -l boot/
total 53471
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      254 Sep 13 15:53 boot.cmd.mmc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      254 Sep 13 15:53 boot.cmd.usb
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      326 Sep 13 15:53 boot.scr
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      326 Sep 13 15:53 boot.scr.mmc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      326 Sep 13 15:53 boot.scr.usb
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   117913 Oct  5 10:57 config-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root     1024 Sep 13 15:49 grub2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13835773 Sep 13 15:53 initramfs-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra.img
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   230391 Sep 13 15:52 initrd-plymouth.img
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root       27 Sep 13 15:53 klist.txt
drwx------. 2 root root    12288 Sep 13 15:46 lost+found
-rw-------. 1 root root  1578075 Oct  5 10:57 System.map-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3684840 Sep 13 15:53 uImage
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3684840 Sep 13 15:53 uImage-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13835837 Sep 13 15:53 uInitrd
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13835837 Sep 13 15:53 uInitrd-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3684776 Oct  5 10:57 vmlinuz-3.6.0-3.fc18.armv7hl.tegra


# cat /etc/system-release
Fedora release 18 (Spherical Cow)


# popd
~

# umount /mnt/rootfs/boot
# umount /mnt/rootfs

# kpartx -dv <PathToDiskImage>
del devmap : loop0p3
del devmap : loop0p2
del devmap : loop0p1
loop deleted : /dev/loop0

Complete the Process
Please be sure to unmount the disk image partitions and delete the loop device. Failing to do so may leave old allocated devices that are difficult to clean up.

If you build a Versatile Express image for QEMU there is an additional step. You need to extract the kernel and initramfs from the image in order to provide them to QEMU to boot. Fortunately there is a script available (livemedia-modifier), which does this for you, and creates a compressed tarball that includes all you need to run the image from QEMU.

livemedia-modifier --image=<PathToDiskImage> --platform=vexpress

For other platforms, the disk image may be compressed using xz for storage or transferring to other systems, for example:

xz -z9 <PathToDiskImage>

The disk image file will be replaced by a compressed image (.xz extension added).

Notice
Compressing an image on a resource constrained device may take a long time (hours). You may wish to transfer the image to a more powerful system to perform the compression.

Installing the Image

This disk image is suitable to be copied directly to an SDCard. The disk image could similarly be copied to other media, but is configured by default to boot from the SDCard.

To copy this to an SDCard from a workstation, plug the SDCard into a USB adapter, inserted the adapter to an open USB slot, and checked /proc/partitions to see where it is located. For this example, assume it is located on /dev/sdb.

# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
   8        0   78150744 sda
   8        1     512000 sda1
   8        2   77637632 sda2
   8       16    7879680 sdb
   8       17    7875584 sdb1

To transfer the image to the device, make sure none of the partitions on that device are mounted, for example:

# umount /dev/sdb1

Then copy the disk image to the raw device.

# xzcat <PathToCompressedDiskImage> | dd of=/dev/sdb

Data Loss
Make certain the target of the dd command is the location of the SDCard device. All partitions and data on this device will be overwritten, so make sure it contains nothing you wish to keep. Again, ALL DATA WILL BE LOST!

Please Be Patient
Depending on the size and speed of the SDCard, this operation may take a while. Do not interrupt the process before it is complete. Do not remove the SDCard.

Once the transfer completes, the partition table will need to be rescanned and updated.

# partprobe /dev/sdb

The device partitions may then be mounted and the contents examined, or the device may be ejected and moved to test booting on the target system.

Running the Image from QEMU

The Versatile Express tarball includes all that is needed to boot the system, including the root filesystem image, and the pre-extracted kernel and initramfs. Also, included for your convenience are two scripts to boot your image. To extract the files use:

# tar Jxvf <PathToCompressedTarball>

You can make use of the scripts provided in the boot directory to launch your image using QEMU:

# cd ./<VExpressDirectory>/boot/

# ./boot-vexpress \
    vmlinuz-<Version-Release> \
    initramfs-<Version-Release>.img \
      ../<VExpressImageName>.img

This boots to a command line login prompt. To boot to the XFCE desktop add the "--gui" command line argument.

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Example Kickstarts

Example kickstart files are available via public git repository:

 http://fedorapeople.org/cgit/dmarlin/public_git/arm-kickstarts.git