Changes/MAC Address Policy none

MAC Address Policy none

This is a proposed Change for Fedora Linux.
This document represents a proposed Change. As part of the Changes process, proposals are publicly announced in order to receive community feedback. This proposal will only be implemented if approved by the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee.

Summary

The systemd-udev package installs "/usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link", which sets Link.MACAddressPolicy=persistent. This proposal is to change it to set Link.MACAddressPolicy=none to stop changing the MAC address. This is particularly important for bridge and bond devices.

This change can either only apply to bridge/bond devices, or to various software devices. That is to be discussed.

Owner

• Name: Thomas Haller (NetworkManager)
• Email: <thaller@redhat.com>
• Name: Dusty Mabe (Fedora CoreOS)
• Email: <dmabe@redhat.com>

Current status

• Targeted release: Fedora Linux 37
• Last updated: 2022-06-25
• Devel list thread
• FESCo issue: <will be assigned by the Wrangler>
• Tracker bug: <will be assigned by the Wrangler>
• Release notes tracker: <will be assigned by the Wrangler>

Detailed Description

On Fedora, udev by default changes the MAC address of a wide range of software devices. This was introduced by systemd 242 in early 2019 (Fedora 31), when MACAddressPolicy= was extended to affect more types of devices.

With MACAddressPolicy=persistent udev's aim is to provide a stable MAC address, otherwise the kernel will assign a random one. However, that can cause problems:

Firstly, software devices are always created by some tool that has plans for the device. The tool may not expect that udev is going to change the MAC address and races against that. The best solution for the tool is to set the MAC address when creating an interface. This will prevent udev from changing the MAC address according to the MACAddressPolicy. Otherwise, the tool should wait for udev to initialize the device to avoid the race. In theory, a tool is always advised to wait for udev to initialize the device. However, if it were not for MACAddressPolicy, in common scenarios udev doesn't do anything relevant for software devices to make that necessary.

Secondly, for interface types bridge and bond, an unset MAC address has a special meaning to the kernel and the MAC address of the first port is used. If udev changes the MAC address, that no longer works. Now the generated MAC address is not directly discoverable as it is based on /etc/machine-id (machine-id(5)), among other data. Even if there were a tool to easily calculate the MAC address, it could be cumbersome to use it without logging into the machine first. The MAC address can directly affect the assigned IP address, for example when using DHCP. When booting a new virtual machine, the user might know the MAC address of the (virtual) "physical" interfaces. When bonding/bridging those interfaces, the bond/bridge would get one of the well known MAC addresses. MACAddressPolicy=persistent interferes with that.

The goal of persistent policy is to provide a stable MAC address. Note that if the tool or user who created the interface would want a certain MAC address, they have all the means to set it already. That applies regardless whether the tool is iproute2, NetworkManager, systemd-networkd. Neither NetworkManager nor systemd-networkd rely on udev's MACAddressPolicy for setting the MAC address. This behavior is mostly useful for plain ip link add, but it's unclear which real world user wants this behavior.

Of course, the user is welcome to configure the MAC address in any way they want. Including, dropping a link file that sets MACAddressPolicy=persistent. The problem is once udev sets a MAC address, it cannot be unset. Which makes this problematic to do by default.

While Fedora inherited this behavior from upstream systemd, RHEL-9 does not follow this behavior (centos9, rh#1921094). For RHEL-8, this doesn't apply because the systemd there is too old to change the MAC address of most software devices.

This could be either implemented by patching /usr/lib/systemd/network/99-default.link to have a different policy, or by dropping a link file with higher priority. In the latter case, that override could be shipped either by udev or even by NetworkManager.

Another option is to change the scope of this proposal to only change to MACAddressPolicy=none for the device types where this causes the most issues (bridge/bond/team).

Feedback

This was also discussed on upstream systemd mailing list here. The upstream systemd maintainers' opinion is that the current udev behavior is desirable, but accepts that distributions (or network stacks such as NetworkManager) may choose to change the default depending on their needs (reference). The goal here is to find out what the Fedora community thinks is the most appropriate default.

The RHEL-9 bug is [rh#1921094].

Benefit to Fedora

Pros:

- Consistent behavior with RHEL8 and RHEL9.

- Avoid race of udev and the tool that creates the interface.

- Bridge and bond interfaces can get the MAC addresses from their first port.

In the case of MACAddressPolicy=none for a bond (or bridge) the bond will get a MAC related to one of its physical NIC devices. In the case of provisioning new systems (especially in a large datacenter) information about the server can be used to configure the network environment (DHCP, Firewall, etc) before the server is ever even powered on. This does mean that you may have to update your network environment configuration if you replace a NIC (con), but that you won't have to update your network environment configuration if you re-install your server (pro), which is what you'd have to do now with MACAddressPolicy=persistent.

Cons:

- Deviate from upstream systemd.

It is desirable that RHEL and Fedora behaves similar. A possible outcome could be the current behavior stays and RHEL 10 would change behavior. On the other hand, different distributions (or even Fedora spins) have different uses and needs. Deviating might be fine. In the same vein, there is also a desire to stay close to upstream systemd behavior. But the uses of systemd project go beyond Fedora/RHEL, so deviating here may also be fine.

Scope

• Proposal owners:

The main goal of this request is to generate productive discussion and find the desired behavior. The implementation/changes are either way very simple.

• Other developers:

Other projects that wish a certain MAC address are welcome to set it for their devices. Including using udev's MACAddressPolicy.

• Release engineering:

Not needed for this change.

• Policies and guidelines: N/A (not needed for this Change)

• Trademark approval: N/A (not needed for this Change)

• Alignment with Objectives:

Upgrade/compatibility impact

After the change, the MAC address for the affected device types changes.

How To Test

1) Create a software device two times, for example ip link add type bridge. Note that the MAC address is either stable or random, depending on the MACAddressPolicy=.

2) Note that if the software device has the MAC address set initially, udev does not change it (ip link add address aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa type bridge). That depends on /sys/class/net/$dev/addr_assign_type.

3) Create a bridge/bond interface without setting the MAC address. Note that if MACAddressPolicy=none, the MAC address is random at first. Note that attaching the first port will update the controller's MAC address. On the other hand, with MACAddressPolicy=persistent, the MAC address of the controller is fixed and not inherited from the port.

4) Run

 ip monitor link &
 while : ; do
   ip link del xxx
   ip link add name xxx type dummy \
   && ip link set xxx addr aa:00:00:00:00:00 \
   && ip link show xxx | grep -q aa:00:00:00:00:00 \
   || break
 done

to reproduce the race between a simple tool and udev changing the MAC address.

User Experience

Bond/bridge devices would again get assigned the MAC address of the first NIC added to the device.

If we chose to not limit the scope of this change to just bonds/bridges then all software devices would get randomly assigned MAC addresses.

Dependencies

None.

Contingency Plan

• Contingency mechanism: (What to do? Who will do it?)

If the change is rejected, nothing needs to be done. The change itself will be simple to implement.

• Contingency deadline: beta freeze
• Blocks release? No

Documentation

TODO.