Virtualization

This page covers the efforts to integrate various virtualization technologies into Fedora.

Introduction

Virtualization allows one to run many guest virtual machines on top of a host operating system such as Fedora. What this means is that using one computer, you can mimic several individual computers and even run different operating systems in each of these virtual machines. There are many different virtualization technologies, including both free and open source software and proprietary offerings.

Fedora has also long included QEMU, a fast CPU emulator capable of virtualizing OS on both native and non-native architectures (such as allowing a PowerPC OS to run on x86_64).

Fedora Core 5 was the first release to include Xen virtualization, which supports paravirtualization of a modified operating system (OS), or, with hardware support, full virtualization of any native OS. Since Fedora 8, Fedora has not included Xen Dom0 support, pending the inclusion of said support in upstream Linux.

Fedora 7 was the first release to include support for KVM, which is a hypervisor included in the Linux kernel which requires hardware virtualization support like Intel VT or AMD-V. KVM is currently the main focus of Fedora's virtualization efforts. xenner is a utility which allows Xen guests to be run using KVM.

Yet another type of virtualization is the containers approach used by OpenVZ, which can partition a single OS into several isolated zones -- a chroot with much stronger resource isolation.

Anticipating this diversification of technology, management applications for Fedora have been built on top of the libvirt toolkit, which offers a technology independent API for managing virtual systems.

Using Virtualization

See getting started with virtualization for an excellent overview to using the virtualization capabilities in Fedora.

Bugs

See reporting virtualization bugs for some tips on reporting virtualization bugs to bugzilla.

If you wish to help triaging and fixing virtualization bugs, virtualization bugs is a good starting point.

Mailing List & IRC

To get in touch with Fedora virtualization users and developers try the fedora-virt mailing list or #virt on irc.oftc.net.

Relevant Packages

Here's a catalogue of all the virtualization related packages in Fedora:

Core Virtualization

• kernel provides e.g. the kvm hypervisor core (kvm.ko), support for running as KVM and Xen guests etc.
• qemu is a CPU and device emulator; it also acts as the userspace component of KVM
• libvirt is a toolkit for interacting with the various virtualization technologies
• xen provides the xen hypervisor and userspace components
• xenner allows Xen guests to be run on KVM
• bochs PC BIOS for QEMU
• etherboot PXE boot ROMs for QEMU
• vgabios video BIOS for QEMU
• openbios sparc/ppc BIOS for QEMU

Tools

• virt-manager is a desktop user interface for managing virtual machines
• virt-viewer is used by virt-manager to connect to a virtual machine's graphical console
• python-virtinst provides a python API for installing virtual machines, and a bunch of useful utilitis like virt-install and virt-clone
• libguestfs provides an API and tools for accessing and modifying virtual machine disk images
• gnome-applet-vm is a GNOME applet for monitoring and controlling virtual machines
• virt-top is a top-like utilitiy for virtual machines
• virt-mem provides tools for monitor virtual machines - e.g. virt-uname, virt-dmesg and virt-ps
• virt-df virt-df is df for virtual machines
• collectd-libvirt gathers statistics from within virtual machines
• appliance-tools enables the building of virtual appliance images
• cobbler is a network boot server that can be used to provision virtual machines

Language Bindings

• libvirt-python
• perl-Sys-Virt
• ruby-libvirt
• ocaml-libvirt
• libvirt-java

Obsolete

• kvm used to provide the userspace component of the kvm hypervisor. It has since been replaced by qemu

oVirt

oVirt is a Fedora based project which provides small host images and a web-based virtual machine management console. See the website to learn more and get involved.