How to do I18N through gettext

Author: Naveen Kumar

Internationalization (i18n) refers to an application's/package's support for multiple languages. This support comes from a kind of generalization on part of application/package that helps Localize it in different languages.

Localization or (l10n) here refers to the process of adapting, translating or customising that application/package for a particular locale.

Locale is a term used to define a set of information corresponding to a given language & country. A locale information is used by a software application (or operating system) to exhibit a localised behaviour. This localised behaviour is in the form of displaying Application's/package's text in local language or other things pertaining to a locale convention such as localized date, currency format, color conventions, etc.

In this tutorial we will cover i18n & l10n only with respect to text i18n/l10n.

Gettext framework is one such approach to do text i18n. It refers to a collection of tools which are used to internationalize and localize an application/package. Apart from internationalization of applications/packages these tools assist in translating the strings on menus, messages boxes or icons on the applications in the language that the user is interested in.

For a detailed information on text internationalization you can refer to Gettext manual

Development Environment

To internationalize an application we need a set of development tools. This is a one-time-only setup, installed by running those commands from a system administration (root) account:

yum install  @development-tools
yum groupinstall  <langname>-support

The <langname> above refers to the name of your language. For hindi I would write something like:

yum groupinstall  hindi-support

Hello World

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Hello World");
    return 0;
}

Internationalized Hello World

#include<libintl.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdio.h>

#define _(String) gettext (String)
#define _t(String1,String2,n) ngettext (String1,String2,n)

int main()
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
    bindtextdomain("helloworld","/usr/share/locale");
    textdomain("helloworld");
    printf(_("Hello World"));
    return 0;
}

Extract the strings in a POT (helloworld.pot) file using the following command

xgettext -d helloworld -o helloworld.pot  --keyword=_t:1,2 -k_ -s helloworld.c

PO(T) files

helloworld.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-27 17:42+0530\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: helloworld.c:13
#, c-format
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr ""

Create a new directory named po/<langcode>. For hindi I will write:

mkdir po/hi/

.....editing on-----