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Secret Decoder Ring

Moving to ARM - A secret decoder ring for Fedora users wishing to learn more about Fedora on ARM processors.

Original Document

简介

ARM chips are the most widely-produced processor family in the world; they have historically been used in cell phones and embedded applications, but were originally designed as desktop processors, and are increasingly used in tablet devices and low-power-consumption servers.

The Fedora-ARM project is an initiative to bring Fedora to this processor family.

为什么选择 ARM?

Low Power Consumption / Better efficiencies
High levels of device integration -- "system on a chip" designs, with reduced space and cooling requirements
Readily available from multiple vendors
Low cost

Why does Fedora care about ARM?

Emerging technology (as a general purpose computing platform)
Growing user base

理解ARM

The history of the ARM architecture - here
Different ARM cores - here

Software floating point vs. Hardware floating point

Fedora currently offers two flavours of ARM - 'arm(sfp)' and 'armhfp'. This is a reference to whether floating point values are passed to functions via CPU registers (sfp) or FPU registers (hfp); note that both API variants can use the FPU to perform arithmetic.

Here is the background: In older ARM chips (prior to ARM v7 "Application Profile"), the floating point unit (FPU, typically a vector floating point unit or "VFP") was optional. Therefore, function arguments were passed in the CPU registers or on the stack. However, when an FPU is available, moving floating-point values from the CPU registers to the FPU registers and back again has a significant cost which negates some of the advantage of having the additional arithmetic hardware. When the FPU became mandatory with ARMv7, it made sense to pass floating-point arguments directly in FPU registers. This is an incompatible ABI change, so programs which pass value in the CPU registers are incompatible with libraries that pass values in the FPU registers (and vice versa).

Currently-Supported ARM Architectures

armv7hl - 32-bit, little-endian, hfp for ARM v7 processors. Supported from F15 onwards.

armv5tel - 32-bit, little-endian, sfp for ARM v5 to v7 processors. Supported until F18 (including F18 updates).

(Community builds: Seneca is building for the armv6hl architecture specifically for the Architectures/ARM/F18/Remixes#Raspberry_Pi Raspberry Pi)

Future ARM Architectures

aarch64 - 64-bit (little-endian and hfp are assumed) for ARMv8+ processors. This is currently being bootstrapped.

ARM Form Factors

Being the most popular architecture in the world, ARM processors can be found in a variety of form factors that include:

Tablets/Notebooks (Google Chromebook)
Development Boards (Pandaboard, Beagleboard, Trimslice)
Hyperscale Server Systems (Calxeda Highbank)

另外的ARM技术

U-Boot是什么

U-Boot -the Universal Boot Loader is the firmware used on embedded systems such as ARM, MIPS and Embedded Power architectures. It performs the task of other bootloader's by loading the Linux kernel and operating system into memory for execution, but is also responsible for hardware initialization comparable to the BIOS on X86 hardware.

Additional information on U-Boot

为什么选择U-Boot?

The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is exclusively available on x86 systems and performs a variety of tasks outside of just loading the kernel into memory. While BIOS on ARM is feasible, development costs exceed the potential benefits and ARM systems use the faster bootloader approach. The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is replacing the BIOS on modern computers and is also compatible with the ARM architecture.

There are many variations of U-Boot which includes - vboot, aboot, hboot.

Generating addresses for kernel/initrd/dtb

快速入门

What's the quickest way to get Fedora on my device?

Download the pre-built images corresponding to your device and following the instructions for writing the image to your media.

Fedora支持的平台

For virtualization through QEMU:

Versatile Express

Fedora Remixes支持的平台

一旦我的设备运行的是Fedora，我怎么得到开发/推动的Fedora ARM？

Introduce yourself on the mailing list
- Mailing list: arm (archives)
Hang out in the IRC channel
- IRC: #fedora-arm^[?] on http://freenode.net
Join our weekly meeting:
- IRC: #fedora-meeting-1^[?] each Wednesday at 20:00 UTC (4PM EDT) on http://freenode.net (archives)
Help fix packages that are failing to build on ARM
Ask questions, and help make this documentation better
Developers - Ensure patches are going upstream!

理解Fedora工具

Koji

Koji is the software that builds RPM packages for the Fedora project. It uses Mock to create chroot environments to perform builds. To download the source code, report bugs, join the mailing list etc., see the Koji project website .

Koji Overview
- Using the Koji build system (includes cli and web interface. Use of fedpkg)

Koji-shadow

Koji-Shadow is a script that is used by secondary architectures to 'follow' package builds performed on the primary architecture (PA) [Koji instance]. When a build is submitted on PA, the script will pick it up and submit the build for completion on the secondary architecture. This ensures secondary architectures build the same packages used in primary within a reasonable time frame, developers need to only submit their package once, and it is propagated to all secondary architectures running Koji-Shadow. Koji-Shadow is included in the 'koji-utils' package.

关于Koji更多的信息

Bodhi

Bodhi pronounced as bo-dee is a buddhist term for the wisdom by which one attains enlightenment. Bodhi is a modular web-based system that facilitates the process of publishing package updates for Fedora. It maintains a single stage of repositories by adding/updating/removing packages.

For more information on Bodhi

The Future of Fedora and the ARM Architecture

Promotion to a Primary Architecture

ARM is currently considered a Secondary Architecture in Fedora and would greatly benefit from being promoted to a primary architecture, a detailed draft proposal can be found here.

Future Boot Options

Grub2

Standards and Engineering Bodies

Linaro

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Moving to ARM - A secret decoder ring for Fedora users wishing to learn more about Fedora on ARM processors.
 * [http://piratepad.net/L1jH2TLCBO Original Document]
-==Introduction==
+==简介==
 ARM chips are the most widely-produced processor family in the world; they have historically been used in cell phones and embedded applications, but were originally designed as desktop processors, and are increasingly used in tablet devices and low-power-consumption servers.
 The Fedora-ARM project is an initiative to bring Fedora to this processor family.
-====Why ARM?====
+====为什么选择 ARM?====
 * Low Power Consumption / Better efficiencies
 * High levels of device integration -- "system on a chip" designs, with reduced space and cooling requirements
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 * Growing user base
-==Understanding ARM==
+==理解ARM==
 * The history of the ARM architecture - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture#History here]
 * Different ARM cores - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ARM_microprocessor_cores here]
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 * Hyperscale Server Systems (Calxeda Highbank)
-===Additional ARM technologies===
+===另外的ARM技术===
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture#Thumb Thumb(2,EE)]
 * [http://www.arm.com/products/processors/technologies/jazelle.php Jazelle]
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 * [http://www.arm.com/products/processors/technologies/biglittleprocessing.php big.LITTLE Processing]
-===What is U-Boot===
+===U-Boot是什么===
 U-Boot -the Universal Boot Loader is the firmware used on embedded systems such as ARM, MIPS and Embedded Power architectures. It performs the task of other bootloader's by loading the Linux kernel and operating system into memory for execution, but is also responsible for hardware initialization comparable to the BIOS on X86 hardware.
 * Additional information on [http://www.denx.de/wiki/U-Boot U-Boot]
-==== Why U-Boot?====
+====为什么选择U-Boot?====
 The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is exclusively available on x86 systems and performs a variety of tasks outside of just loading the kernel into memory. While BIOS on ARM is feasible, development costs exceed the potential benefits and ARM systems use the faster bootloader approach. The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is replacing the BIOS on modern computers and is also compatible with the ARM architecture.
 * There are many variations of U-Boot which includes - vboot, aboot, hboot.
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ===Generating addresses for kernel/initrd/dtb===
-==Quick Start==
+==快速入门==
 ===What's the quickest way to get Fedora on my device?===
 Download the pre-built images corresponding to your device and following the instructions for writing the image to your media.
-====Platforms supported by Fedora====
+====Fedora支持的平台====
 * [[Architectures/ARM/F18/Pandaboard|Pandaboard]]
 * [[Architectures/ARM/F18/Trimslice|Trimslice]]
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 * [[Architectures/ARM/F18/Versatile_Express|Versatile Express]]
-====Platforms supported by Fedora Remixes====
+====Fedora Remixes支持的平台====
 * XO 1.75
 * OpenBlocks AX3
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 * [[Architectures/ARM/F18/Remixes#Raspberry_Pi |Raspberry Pi]]
-=== Once my device is running Fedora, how do I get developing/contributing to Fedora ARM?===
+===一旦我的设备运行的是Fedora，我怎么得到开发/推动的Fedora ARM？===
 * Introduce yourself on the mailing list
 ** Mailing list: {{fplist|arm}} ([http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/arm/ archives])
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 * <b>Developers</b> - Ensure patches are going upstream!
-===Understanding the Fedora tools===
+===理解Fedora工具===
 ====Koji====
 Koji is the software that builds [http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/ RPM packages for the Fedora project]. It uses [http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Projects/Mock Mock] to create chroot environments to perform builds. To download the source code, report bugs, join the mailing list etc., see the [https://fedorahosted.org/koji/wiki Koji project website] .
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 Koji-Shadow is a script that is used by secondary architectures to 'follow' package builds performed on the primary architecture (PA) [[http://koji.fedoraproject.org Koji instance]]. When a build is submitted on PA, the script will pick it up and submit the build for completion on the secondary architecture. This ensures secondary architectures build the same packages used in primary within a reasonable time frame, developers need to only submit their package once, and it is propagated to all secondary architectures running Koji-Shadow. Koji-Shadow is included in the 'koji-utils' package.
-=====More information on Koji=====
+=====关于Koji更多的信息=====
 * [[koji/ServerHowTo| Run Your Own Koji Build Server]]
 * [[koji/KojiLiveCDHowTo| Building Images in Koji]]

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