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Revision as of 12:02, 21 February 2015
This page provides some basic instructions for day-to-day usage of the git-based package maintenance system for Fedora. It is intended primarily for new and current Fedora package maintainers, but does briefly cover anonymous read-only use of the system. It is not a guide to RPM packaging per se. Some pre-existing knowledge of git may be useful, but is not a pre-requisite (in fact, Fedora packaging can be a relatively painless introduction to it).
You may have been looking for, or also be interested in:
- Learning to create packages
- Becoming a package maintainer
- Submitting package updates
- Adding a new package to the repository as an existing maintainer
- adding a new release branch to an existing package
- The Packaging Guidelines
Installing fedpkg and doing initial setup
The fedpkg
tool will usually be your primary interface to the packaging system. Install it with yum install fedpkg
, or any equivalent command. If you have not already done so, you will also need to install fedora-packager
and run fedora-packager-setup
. If you have run fedora-packager-setup
before, but wish to set up a new machine for package maintenance, copy the files ~/.fedora*.cert
to the new system.
You also must have an ssh key configured in the Fedora Accounts System to be able to make changes to any package (including your own). fedpkg will expect the correct ssh key to be available in your keyring.
Common fedpkg commands
This section lists typical fedpkg commands in a normal workflow, with short descriptions. Longer explanations for each can be seen by clicking the 'Show' links. In this workflow, we will be operating on the Rawhide branch of the package.
- Check out a package:
fedpkg co <source_package_name> cd <source_package_name>
This retrieves a copy of the package sources from the server. It's known as your 'working copy'.
- Update your checked-out copy from the Fedora server:
fedpkg pull
- Retrieve the package sources:
fedpkg sources
This pulls any sources stored in the "lookaside cache" (see below for more). Steps like fedpkg prep
and fedpkg srpm
will do this if necessary, but you may want a copy right away.
- Make your changes to the package
This is not an RPM packaging guide, so we'll assume you know what you're doing here. New sources and patches go in the working copy directory for now.
- Run the 'prep' stage (extract source, apply patches etc) within the checkout directory:
fedpkg prep
This is useful for making sure your patches apply cleanly, and inspecting the source tree if you need to do so.
- Do a local build of the current state:
fedpkg local
This is the simplest kind of test build, but it's usually cleaner and a better test to do a Mock or Koji scratch build (see below).
- Do a mock build of the current state:
fedpkg mockbuild
This fires off a Mock build, if you have Mock configured correctly. Using_Mock_to_test_package_builds can help there.
- Generate a .src.rpm from the current state:
fedpkg srpm
You can request a Koji 'scratch build' (a test build, which will not go to any repository) of the generated .src.rpm with the koji build --scratch
command (see man koji
).
- Check changes you have made:
fedpkg diff
This is handy for making sure you didn't touch something by mistake, or forget to bump the release, or forget to include a changelog...
- Run some checks (rpmlint) on your package:
fedpkg lint
- Stage any small patches or new source files for commit:
git add (somefile)
git does not consider all files in the working directory to be a part of the git repository by default (handy, for keeping other files around that are relevant, like the source tree). This tells git to start considering these files as part of the repository locally. When you 'commit' and 'push' later, this change is communicated to the server.
- Upload new source files to the lookaside cache:
fedpkg new-sources
fedpkg upload
'Pristine' upstream sources (like release tarballs) and other larger source files are stored in the lookaside cache system, not committed directly to git. This provides more efficient storage and transfer of the files. The sources
and .gitignore
files in the repository keep it in sync with the lookaside cache. Any time you use fedpkg new-sources
or fedpkg upload
, you must remember to 'commit' changes to those files.
new-sources
'starts from scratch', replacing all files currently in the lookaside cache - you'll typically use this command for many packages with just a single source tarball, each time you update to a new upstream version. upload
just adds the given file to those already in the cache. Do remember not to leave stale sources lying around.
- Switch to a different release branch:
fedpkg switch-branch <f41, el6, master>
Each Fedora release has its own branch in each package repository so different builds can be sent to each release. See below for more details on working with branches.
- Generate git changelog from package changelog:
fedpkg clog
This command extracts your package changelog entry to the file clog
, so you can use it as the git changelog if you like. Some maintainers draw a distinction between the two, some do not.
- Commit changes:
fedpkg commit (-F clog) (-p) (-c)
This creates a sort of bundle, a 'commit', of your changes to the repository, with a unique identity and a changelog. Other maintainers - and you yourself, later - can view the history of changes to the repository with the 'commit' as the finest level of detail. It is good practice to use many relatively small commits, each for a single purpose - don't combine a version bump with a bunch of whitespace fixes and some scriptlet changes all in one commit, create separate commits for each.
The -F clog
parameter will use the clog
file from the previous step as the changelog. -p
will push (see below) at the same time as committing. -c
combines the clog
and commit -F clog
steps into one, if you like that.
- Push changes:
fedpkg push
This sends all the new 'commits' in your local working copy to the upstream server. If you are still learning the system, now is a good time to fedpkg co
another copy of the repository somewhere else, compare what you get to your working copy, and run a test build on it.
- Do an 'official' build of the latest pushed changes:
fedpkg build
This triggers a 'real' (not scratch) build of your package in Koji. Depending on the release you are building for, it may go directly to the stable state or it may have to run through the update process. See the package update guide for more details on this. The command will output a URL where you can monitor the build's progress in Koji.
- Submit a package update for the latest build:
fedpkg update
Again, see the package update guide for more details on this process. This step is not actually applicable to Rawhide, but illustrated here for completeness.
Typical fedpkg session
A typical session may look like this:
fedpkg clone foo cd foo fedpkg sources fedpkg new-sources foo-0.0.2.tar.bz2 gedit foo.spec # change the required things in the specfile. # rpmdev-bumpspec is useful for simple version updates fedpkg mockbuild # check that the changes you made are correct fedpkg diff fedpkg lint fedpkg commit -p -c # commit and push in one go
Working with branches
Each Fedora release is represented by a branch in the git repository. You can switch between them like this:
fedpkg switch-branch f41 fedpkg switch-branch f40 fedpkg switch-branch master
The master branch is for Rawhide. You can maintain each branch entirely separately, if you like, laboriously copying changes between them (so long as you always stay within the Updates Policy requirements). However, git provides us with several handy tools for working with branches. Here's an example:
fedpkg clone bzrtools # Make some changes in the master branch fedpkg new-sources bzrtools-2.2.tar.gz gedit bzrtools.spec fedpkg commit fedpkg switch-branch f41 git merge master # for push into repo fedpkg push
This will 'merge' the changes from the master (Rawhide) branch to the f41 branch. git aficionados may note this is a somewhat unusual workflow, but it is appropriate to the context of package management. Remember, after pushing to and building for a stable release or a Branched release after Bodhi has been enabled, you will have to submit an update before any other Fedora users will see your build.
Note that merges will only be sure to work cleanly so long as the branches have not previously diverged. That is, if you do this:
fedpkg clone bzrtools # Make some changes in the master branch fedpkg commit fedpkg switch-branch f41 # Make some changes in the f41 branch fedpkg commit fedpkg switch-branch master # Make some more changes in the master branch fedpkg commit fedpkg switch-branch f41 git merge master
you may encounter a merge conflict.
Remember that git is a collaborative system, and used as such in Fedora package management. It is often the case that you must consider changes made by others in working on a package, and consider how your changes will affect others.
Resolving merge conflicts
This is a large topic and somewhat beyond the scope of this guide, but we can give basic pointers. There are other good references in the git book and at github.
When you git merge and a conflict occurs you can edit the files that have conflicts. Remove the conflict markers in the files and merge the changes manually. Use git diff
or fedpkg diff
to inspect the changes against the pre-conflict state and verify you are happy with the resolution. Then you can commit the files with fedpkg commit
or git commit -a
. git will know if you have resolved the conflict by checking that all the conflict markers have been removed.
Using git mergetool
to resolve conflicts
Git provides a graphical diff program to help resolve conflicts. This can be handy for visualizing what changes have occurred and dealing with them as a set.
git config --global merge.tool meld fedpkg switch-branch f41 git merge master # Conflicts occurred git mergetool # Opens up a meld showing a three way diff of # the merge, working tree, and the last commit # Resolved all the conflicts in the GUI git add CONFLICTEDFILES git commit
Requesting special dist tags
When a change to a package affects a large number of dependencies (e.g. all perl, python, ruby or ghc packages), requiring them to be rebuilt, it may be better to initially do the builds in a special repository, so that there is less disruption in Rawhide.
If you think you have an update that falls under this case you can request a special dist tag by filing a release engineering ticket. Someone from release engineering will likely want to discuss your needs to make sure this is really an appropriate case (it's OK ask if you aren't sure) and that you get what you need.
Tips and tricks
Using fedpkg anonymously
You can use fedpkg like this:
fedpkg clone --anonymous <somepackage>
to check out a package without requiring identification. Obviously, you will not be able to push any changes to this repository, but it is useful for non-packagers who simply want to examine a package and perhaps submit changes to a Fedora developer.
Local branch names
If you use git commands to branch and checkout directly, you can define whatever local branch names you want. If you use fedpkg switch-branch
, it will default to creating the names used in the examples above.
Current branch and state in shell prompt
It is often helpful to know what branch you are working on at a glance. You can add this information to your bash prompt with the information here.
Importing a .src.rpm to update
The fedpkg import
command usually used to initially populate a git package repository from a .src.rpm that has been through the Package Review Process can also be used to update a normal working copy, if you have an old-school packaging process to which you are particularly attached. Just run fedpkg import file.src.rpm
and it will upload new tarballs into lookaside cache, update a working copy of the last version found in git, and commit all changes. fedpkg import --help
documents some other parameters it can accept.
Making changes on an older branch without breaking the upgrade path
Here is the scenario: you've built your package successfully on the 41 branch, but there is a problem keeping your package from building on last.
Solution: make your changes in the branch and then add a digit to the very right of the release tag. There is no need to change the release in the other branches. This allows upgrades to work smoothly if the user upgrades to a newer release of Fedora.
Name: foo Version: 1.0 Release: 1%{?dist} Name: foo Version: 1.0 Release: 1%{?dist}.1
Then tag and build as usual. This approach was initially discussed in this mailing list thread.
Removing a package build pending for Rawhide or Branched
From time to time you may want to remove a package build you submitted to Rawhide or to Branched prior to the Alpha freeze (both cases where the build would usually go out to the main repository without further gating). This could happen in a situation where a bug or issue is found in your package that will be resolved upstream in the next release, or you realize you made a significant mistake in the build that cannot easily be corrected.
You can remove the package by using Koji: koji untag-pkg f42 foo-1.1.3-1.fc42
where foo-1.1.3-1.fc42
is replaced with the name of your package build. See koji help
or using Koji for more information.
ssh fingerprint
The recommended option is to include "VerifyHostKeyDNS yes
" in your ~/.ssh/config file. This will result in using DNS to check that the key is correct.
But you can also manually check against the list of keys at https://admin.fedoraproject.org . The strings there are what ends up in your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file. So you can accept the fingerprint when prompted and then check that the correct string for pkgs.fedoraproject.org ended up in your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file.
Problems connecting to the repository
The fedpkg tool clones repositories using the ssh:// protocol, so this should not be a problem normally (as long as you have your ssh key). If you cloned using the git utility itself, check the .git/config
file to ensure the remote repository is being accessed via an ssh:// protocol, and not git://.
Expired certificates (Error 255 or OpenSSL.SSL.Error)
This error usually means that your client certificate (~/.fedora.cert) has expired, so you need to run fedora-cert to get a new one. If you have trouble with this, you may try removing ~/.fedora*.cert
and re-running fedora-packager-setup
.
It builds here, why doesn't it build there?
Is your package building locally - even with Mock, even as a scratch build! - but not when you run fedpkg build
? Before you get too frustrated, remember fedpkg build
runs on the package as it exists in the upstream repository, not your local working copy. Make sure you have committed and pushed all changes and source files, and handled the lookaside cache correctly.
References
- http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/cgit/
- Package SCM admin requests
- Package_Renaming_Process
- PackageMaintainers/PackagingTricks
- Package_update_HOWTO
- PackageMaintainers/BuildSystemClientSetup#Install_the_Client_Tools_.28Koji.29
- PackageMaintainers/MockTricks#How_do_I_use_Mock.3F
- Using_the_Koji_build_system
- Package_Review_Process
- Fedora_Release_Life_Cycle
- PackageMaintainers/Join
- Infrastructure/VersionControl/dist-git