Branched
Branched is the name given to a version of Fedora that has "branched" from the rolling Rawhide tree and will become the next stable Fedora release. It consists of a Fedora development release tree[1] named after the Fedora release it will become. It contains builds of all Fedora packages updated by maintainers with the goal of stabilizing before release and fixing any release Changes. Nightly live and disk image builds are also produced, and installer, upgrade and PXE boot images may be available within the tree.
Branched may be referred to by the Fedora release it will become, e.g. "Fedora 42 Branched".
- ↑ Link will only work when a Branched release currently exists.
Goals
Branched has the following goals:
- To allow package maintainers to integrate their packages into Fedora for a stable release.
- To allow advanced users access to the newer packages than stable releases typically provide.
- To identify and fix issues with packages before they reach a stable release of Fedora.
Using Branched
This section discusses Branched target users and how to test Branched with Live media, within a virtual installation or on a bare metal installation.
Audience
Branched is targeted at advanced users, testers and package maintainers.
As a branched consumer, you should:
- Be willing to update often. Branched doesn't get as many updates as rawhide (and at times they are frozen), but it still gets a larger amount than a Stable release.
- Be willing and able to troubleshoot problems. From time to time there are problems with Branched packages, and you will need strong troubleshooting skills and the ability to gather information for bug reports. You need a good understanding of yum or dnf and how to downgrade packages, as well as boot time troubleshooting.
- Frequent reboots to test new kernel versions and confirm functionality of the boot process. If you can't reboot often, consider using a stable release instead.
- Be willing and able to report bugs as you find them and help maintainers gather information to fix them.
If the above doesn't match you, you may wish to instead follow the Rawhide release (depending on the point in the release cycle) or use regular stable Fedora releases.
Live media
After the Branch event, but before the Fedora stable release, nightly live image builds will be composed from Branched. You may be able to use these images to boot and test Branched. These images are automatically composed and not tested by QA.
Virtual instances
You may wish to install and run Branched in a virtual machine (VM) instance. This allows you to test when not running Linux, or avoid any impact to your day-to-day workflow.
See the section below on setting up a Branched install.
Getting a Branched install
The Product trees within the Branched tree should be directly installable (barring problems).
Install a pre-release
If the Branched release has already spawned an Alpha or Beta release, you can simply install that - it should be available from a Fedora download page - and then update as usual. Installing a pre-release and following normal update procedures will result in your installation tracking the Branched release.
Before each of the above milestones, test compose and release candidate images are sometimes available. These are produced as part of the process of validating releases.
TC images may or may not install correctly.
RC images may or may not install correctly, but you can usually find the list of known blockers to see if they affect you.
Install from nightly live or disk media
If Live media are being composed from Branched (see above), you may be able to download the Live media, copy it to local media, boot and install Branched. In the same place, you will find nightly builds of the disk images for ARM and Cloud platforms.
This is the most fragile way to get a Branched install, as Live media are only produced at some points in the cycle, sometimes does not compose, and when it does, may not install correctly.
Point installer to Branched
You can sometimes install Branched by using a stable install media and pointing it to the Branched repositories for packages to install.
- Download the latest stable or branched install media (network install or offline ("DVD") installer image)
- Copy to local media (USB or DVD or CD)
- Boot media and go to the 'Installation Source' screen and manually enter:
https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/42/x86_64/os/(or i386 for 32-bit) - Finish the install as normal.
For this method to work, there should be no major changes in Branched that the installer is not ready for, such as packages it depends on being retired or other similar situations.
Yum or Dnf from existing stable install
You may use yum or dnf to upgrade from the most recent stable release. You will need to have such an install in place and should likely update to the newest updates before starting.
See Upgrading Fedora using package manager Branched info
This method may fail if there are upgrade path issues (newer packages in stable or than Branched), or broken dependencies.
Communicating
There are a number of ways to communicate with other Branched users:
IRC
Branched discussion is on topic and welcome in both the #fedora-devel and #fedora-qa IRC channels.
Mailing Lists
Branched discussion is on topic and welcome in both the test and devel lists.
Bugzilla
Branched bugs should be reported against the Fedora Product, and version that this branched will become and the affected component. Please do follow best practices when filing. Remember that IRC and mailing lists are useful to help narrow down if some behavior is a bug or where to report it, but are themselves not bug reporting channels. Always file bugs in Bugzilla.
Note that broken dependencies are mailed to maintainers for each daily Branched compose where a package has such broken dependencies. Therefore, it's usually not worth filing a bug for broken dependencies unless they don't appear in the daily report, or you have a fix or improvement to suggest.
Producing Branched
The Branched compose runs every day starting at 09:15UTC. All branched builds at that time that are marked as stable' are composed and synced out. Note that during freezes there will be many days where 0 packages are added to the compose. The Branched tree is under development/VERSION on the mirrors. You can find a local "42" mirror on the public mirror list. Compose time varies depending on number of changes but is typically between 5 and 8 hours.
Branched is subject to various policies during its life cycle. For most of its existence, it is subject to the Updates Policy and package updates for it are gated through the Bodhi package review process. At various points of the Fedora Release Life Cycle, other freezes, policies and requirements come into effect, including the Software String Freeze Policy, the Milestone freezes, and the Change freezes. See all the above links for more details on exactly what changes may occur in the Branched tree under what conditions at what times.
Composes are done in a chroot using the 'mash' tool called from a script maintained by Fedora Release engineering. If the base set of packages needed to compose are broken, the daily compose may fail.
A report for each Branched compose is sent to to the test and the devel lists. This report contains output from the 'repodiff' tool from the previous compose as well as a broken dependency report for packages with broken dependencies. Additionally, private email is sent to maintainers with packages containing broken dependencies.
Package maintainers should read and follow the Branched release updates policy for building any packages in Branched.
Until the Bodhi enabling point, you cannot expect all packages in the Branched tree to be signed. To use Branched at these times, GPG signature checking in your package management tool must be disabled.
Questions and Answers
Q: So Branched is very stable and we can all use it?
A: No. See audience above. There are things that break from time to time, but if you are able to downgrade or troubleshoot such issues aren't too severe, however most users should stick to stable Fedora releases.
Q: I'm using a stable Fedora release, but I want the newer package for foo thats only available in Branched. Can I just yum|dnf install it?
A: No. Mixing releases like this is a very bad idea. Better options are:
- Obtain the src.rpm for the package you wish and try and mock rebuild it (which may or may not work depending on dependencies)
- Ask the Fedora maintainer in a bug report to update the stable version if permitted by policy.
Q: How can I tell when the branched compose for the day has finished?
A: You can see the reports it sends to the test and the devel lists. You can also watch fedmsg for the messages that rawhide compose has finished.
Hints and Tips
- Your package management system can be of great help in diagnosing and working around issues you find. Do read up and understand: 'yum|dnf downgrade' 'yum|dnf history' 'yum update --skip-broken' or 'dnf upgrade' 'koji download-build'.
- You should update frequently (preferably every day). This allows you to more easily narrow down when a problem or issue appeared. If you apply a week of Branched updates at once you have many more packages to examine to narrow down issues.
- Reboot often (preferably whenever new kernels arrive). This allows you to test the boot up process and packages related to it, as well as newer kernels. Read and understand the Dracut troubleshooting steps.
- Follow the test and the devel lists for Branched issues, try and at least skim them before doing your daily Branched updates. Look for '[branched]' or '[42]' subjects or reports of issues. Additionally if you find a problem and are not sure what to file bugs against you can open a discussion there.
- At some times, Branched kernels are made with a large amount of debugging enabled. You can often gain a good deal of performance by passing "slub_debug=-" to your kernel boot line in
/etc/grub2.cfg. Additionally, you can run kernels in the Rawhide Kernel Nodebug repo that have all debugging disabled.
- If you are using a graphical desktop environment in your Branched install, you may wish to install several of them. This allows you to still login and troubleshoot when your primary desktop environment is not working for some reason.
- Have a rescue media handy of the current stable Fedora release for emergencies.
History
Branched was created as part of the "No frozen Rawhide" proposals: