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This chapter describes how to easily generate working OpenShift template and what are useful OpenShift commands.

OpenShift deployment possibilities

OpenShift uses an abstraction called deployment to deploy applications. A deployment could be basically explained as a load balancer for pods.

A pod is the smallest deployable unit in OpenShift which is composed of one or more containers. These containers share an IP address and volumes, are always deployed together on a single host, and are scaled together as a single unit.

Scenario one Pod and two containers

This scenario is useful once you would like to have two containers, where one is opened to anyone and second one is used as “hidden” database. Like Internal register with hidden database.

OpenShift linter command

Once you wrote an OpenShift template, you would like to check it, whether all fields are written properly. In order to verify the template, oc_linter or oc lint command would be welcome.

Really basic YAML checker is yamllint <YAML_NAME>, but it does not check OpenShift specific things.

I have already filed a RFE issue on GitHub OpenShift Pull Request.

How to generate working template for OpenShift

We need the templates, in order to test our containers on OpenShift. We should simplify a way, for template generation. I have already filed a RFE on OpenShift GitHub here GitHub RFE These set of scripts, can help the users for testing their containers together with OpenShift. I don’t know if it is proper way, but for testing proposes it works.

Creating template with oc command

In order to create a working template with oc command only two steps are needed.

  • Run command:
oc new-app <docker_image_name>
  • Run command:
oc export dc/service_name>

Can be taken from previous command. It is identical.

Creating template by our tool

Prerequisites

  • Clone GitHub repository: Petr Hracek modularity_tools
  • Switch into your container directory. The directory has to contain Dockerfile or like Dockerfile.RHEL and openshift.yml
    • Both files are important for proper template generation.
    • If Dockerfile contains ENV, VOLUMES or EXPOSE directives, they are add into OpenShift template.
  • Build your container image with docker build ... command. Do NOT use '_' in the image name.

How to feed the template into OpenShift

  • From modularity_tools repository, run command:
    • get_oc_registry gets your OpenShift docker-repository IP address and stores it to file: ~/.config/openshift_ip.ini
  • In order to build OpenShift template from your container directory, run command:
    build_oc_template.py <IMAGE_NAME>
    • In case of different Dockerfile name like Dockerfile.RHEL add the option --dockerfile Dockerfile.RHEL
    • Template is stored in /tmp/<template_dir>/openshift-template.yml
  • For tagging your built image into OpenShift internal docker registry, run command:
    tag_into_oc_registry <IMAGE_NAME>
    • The command adds the image into OpenShift internal docker registry
  • For adding the template into OpenShift, run command:
    oc create -f /tmp/<template_dir>/openshift-template.yml
  • The last step for deploying the template names as IMAGE_NAME is over OpenShift UI. By default,
    "My Project" -> "Add to project" -> Select your template names as "IMAGE_NAME" in "Browsed Catalog" -> deploy it.
  • For getting template from running pod/deploymentconfig/is, run command:
    oc export {pod/dc/is}/<pod_name>|dc_name|is_name> > output.yml
    • Names are taken by commands 
      oc get {pod|dc|is}

How to run container as a root under OpenShift

Nowadays, OpenShift team provides a command, how to run container under OpenShift with root privileges. 

oadm policy add-scc-tu-user anyuid system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:default

where namespace is project name. Default one is myproject.

The script add_anyuid_to_project.sh does it automatically. Required argument is project name, like in our case myproject.

General commands with examples for using OpenShift

All commands, in this section, should start with sudo.

  • To check whether OpenShift is running, run command:
$ oc status

In project My Project (myproject) on server https://10.200.136.26:8443
dc/postfix-tls deploys istag/postfix-tls:latest
  deployment #1 deployed 42 minutes ago - 1 pod
2 warnings identified, use 'oc status -v' to see details.
  • Command for displaying all resources pod|deploymentconfigs|imagestreams, run command:
$ oc get <pod|dc|is>

$ oc get pod
NAME                  READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
postfix-tls-1-kf0ud   1/1       Running   0          42m
$ oc get dc
NAME          REVISION   DESIRED   CURRENT   TRIGGERED BY
postfix-tls   1          1         1         image(postfix-tls:latest)
  • For getting what services are available on OpenShift, run command:
$ oc get svc
  • For showing details of a specific resource, PODs, services, etc., run command:
oc describe pod|dc|is|svc <name>

$ oc describe pod postfix-tls-1-kf0ud
Name:            postfix-tls-1-kf0ud
Namespace:        myproject
Security Policy:    anyuid
Node:            10.200.136.26/10.200.136.26
Start Time:        Fri, 20 Jan 2017 12:55:41 +0100
Labels:            deployment=postfix-tls-1
            deploymentconfig=postfix-tls
            name=postfix-tls
Status:            Running
IP:            172.17.0.3
Controllers:        ReplicationController/postfix-tls-1
Containers:
  postfix-tls:
    Container ID:    docker://6664727b761de3498eb863457aa4554820645b21dbea7e5b9a8a4d0382b22e7f
    Image:        postfix-tls
[..snip..]
  43m        43m        1    {kubelet 10.200.136.26}    spec.containers{postfix-tls}    Normal        Created        Created container with docker id 6664727b761d
  43m        43m        1    {kubelet 10.200.136.26}    spec.containers{postfix-tls}    Normal        Started        Started container with docker id 6664727b761d
  • Command for restarting POD is:
oc scale --replicas=0 dc/<name>
  • For deploying template, run command:
oc deploy <deployment_name> --latest -n <project_name> # default is myproject
  • For creating new POD, run command:
oc new-app <docker_image>
  • For switching into system:admin, run command:
oc login -u system:admin
  • For switching to developer mode, run command (default password is developer):
oc login -u developer
  • For modifying Security Content Constraints, switch to system:admin and run command:
oc get scc | jq …. | oc replace -f -

Once it is done switch back to developer mode.

  • For getting Security Content Constraints, run command:
oc get scc
NAME               PRIV      CAPS      SELINUX     RUNASUSER          FSGROUP     SUPGROUP    PRIORITY   READONLYROOTFS   VOLUMES
anyuid             false     []        MustRunAs   RunAsAny           RunAsAny    RunAsAny    10         false            [configMap downwardAPI emptyDir persistentVolumeClaim secret]
[..snip..]
privileged         true      []        RunAsAny    RunAsAny           RunAsAny    RunAsAny    <none>     false            [*]
restricted         false     []        MustRunAs   MustRunAsRange     MustRunAs   RunAsAny    <none>     false            [configMap downwardAPI emptyDir persistentVolumeClaim secret]
  • How to get YAML file from specific ImageStream
oc get -o yaml is/<name>
  • How to get YAML file from specific container
oc get -o yaml dc/<name> # name is taken from oc get dc
  • For deleting deployment
oc delete dc/<name> # name is taken from oc get dc
  • For using container as root, run command:
oadm policy add-scc-tu-user anyuid system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:default

The command has now granted access for that namespace (only) to run pods as the root UID. It is less secured than restricted but recommended if you must run as root. It still does not allow privileged containers or host namespaces (network, pid, ipc). It will only drop the mknod and sys_chroot caps (and not kill, setuid, setgid like restricted)

How to debug service from OpenShift point of view

This URL shows, how you are able to debug a service. Basically it is a POD readiness issue. Therefore os get pod command and the others mentioned below can help.

Running your service in OpenShift environment

OpenShift brings some security restrictions which make it tough to “just run” your containerized services. This means that your service may run easily in a docker container, but it may not be trivial to deploy it in an OpenShift environment. Here is a list of sample steps to start the process of integration:

  • If your container expects some mounts and you would like to perform the mounting directly from host, here’s how to do it (by default this is forbidden):
  • Here is a simple, minimal pod spec which takes your container image and runs bash inside so you can quickly iterate.
  • Run it. 
    oc create -f ./pod.yml
  • Attach to shell within the container 
    $ oc attach -t -i caching-dns-server
    • And now you can directly run the service and see what’s happening
  • In case something goes wrong, here’s how to get more info:
$ oc logs  caching-dns-server 
$ oc describe pod caching-dns-server

Links

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