Tests are stored in package or module git repositories along with the packages and modules that they test. The tests are updated together with the software.
Setting up
You can use the fedpkg tool to checkout a package git repository. If a tests/ subdirectory exists, then the repository contains tests. The files ending in .yml in the tests/ subdirectory each represent a test or a part of a test.
The tests are wrapped or written as Ansible playbooks and invoked according to this specification. To invoke the tests you need the following dependencies (as described by the specification) installed on a modern Fedora system:
$ sudo dnf install ansible python2-dnf libselinux-python standard-test-roles
For the following documentation, we'll checkout the https://upstreamfirst.fedorainfracloud.org/gzip.git tests
$ git clone https://upstreamfirst.fedorainfracloud.org/gzip.git $ cd gzip/ $ sudo -s
Although some playbooks may function without sudo, tests are always invoked as root. The test itself may set up users and/or drop permissions if a part of that test. But in general be sure to be root when invoking tests.
For the following documentation we'll checkout the gzip tests
The upstreaming of tests is currently ongoing. Use the following command.
$ fedpkg clone gzip $ cd gzip/tests/ $ sudo -s
Running tests
You can always invoke the tests locally. Many tests modify or change the system they are run against, so take that into account when looking at how to invoke tests. The following tests invoke tests against the same system that the package git repository is checked out on. Below there are further options for invoking tests against another fully formed and integrated system, such as an Atomic Host or container image test subject.
There may be more than one test present in a package git repository, but the file tests.yml is the main entry point. To run it use the following command:
# ansible-playbook tests.yml
You can find output artifacts of the tests in an artifacts/ or specify a specific directory like this:
# ansible-playbook -e artifacts=/tmp/output tests.yml
You can filter which kinds of tests are run by providing a --tags argument. To only run tests that are suited for classic systems installed by yum or dnf you can use a command like:
# ansible-playbook --tags=classic tests.yml
When run by a CI System the tests are invoked according to a specification. Look there for more details and standard invocation variables.
Testing specific RPMs
When you run the tests as above, the tests assume that the system to be tested is the same as the system invoking the tests. In particular, the test assumes that the thing to be tested is already installed.
A test subject is what we call the thing to be tested. RPMs are a particular kind of test subject. To turn a test subject into a launched, installed system to be tested, we use Ansible dynamic inventory. Lets invoke the tests with an inventory and a specific version of gzip:
# export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY=$(test -e inventory && echo inventory || echo /usr/share/ansible/inventory) # curl -o gzip.rpm https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/gzip/1.8/2.fc26/x86_64/gzip-1.8-2.fc26.x86_64.rpm # export TEST_SUBJECTS=$PWD/gzip.rpm # ansible-playbook tests.yml
You'll notice that the RPM is installed into the testable system before invoking the tests. Some tests contain their own inventory, that is their own instructions for turning a test subject into one or more testable systems. But in this case we use the default standard-test-roles inventory in /usr/share/ansible/inventory to do this.
Testing an Atomic Host
The former example may seem a bit contrived, but the concept of a test subject starts to make more sense when you want to test a fully formed and integrated deliverable, such as Atomic Host. The test subject again represents the thing to be tested. The test subject in this case is a QCow2 image. To turn a test subject into a launched system ready to be tested, we use Ansible dynamic inventory.
# export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY=$(test -e inventory && echo inventory || echo /usr/share/ansible/inventory) # curl -Lo atomic.qcow2 https://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/alt.fedoraproject.org/atomic/stable/Fedora-Atomic-26-20170707.1/CloudImages/x86_64/images/Fedora-Atomic-26-20170707.1.x86_64.qcow2 # export TEST_SUBJECTS=$PWD/atomic.qcow2 # ansible-playbook --tags=atomic tests.yml
If you watch closely you'll see that the Atomic Host image is booted, and the tests run against the launched image. Not all tests are able to function in the somewhat different environment of Atomic Host, in fact for certain cases the software to be tested may not be included in the Atomic Host test subject. But most of the tests in core packages should work here.
Some tests contain their own inventory, that is their own instructions for turning a test subject into one or more testable systems. But in this case we use the default standard-test-roles inventory to do this.
The --tags argument filters out tests that are not suitable for running on an Atomic Host, either because the system functions differently, or the correct packages are not available on that system.
To diagnose why the the tests failed, and log into the running Atomic Host, you can specify the following environment variable. After the playbook runs, you'll see diagnosis information with a helpful ssh command to log into the host:
# export TEST_DEBUG=1
Testing a Container Image
Another example is to use a test subject of a container image. This is also a fully formed and integrated deliverable. The test subject again represents the thing to be tested. The container image is pulled from a registry and launched using docker by an Ansible dynamic inventory.
# export ANSIBLE_INVENTORY=$(test -e inventory && echo inventory || echo /usr/share/ansible/inventory) # export TEST_SUBJECTS=docker:docker.io/library/fedora:26 # ansible-playbook --tags=container tests.yml
If you watch closely you'll notice the image is pulled if not already local, launched as a container, and then prepared for the tests to run on. The first time this may take a little longer. Not all tests are able to function in the somewhat different environment of a container. In fact, for certain tests, the software to be tested may not be included in the container. But many of the tests for core packages should work here.
The --tags argument filters out tests that are not suitable for running in a container, either because the system functions differently, or the correct packages are not installable.
To diagnose why the tests failed, and log into the running container, you can specify the following environment variable. After the playbook runs, you'll see diagnosis information with a helpful docker exec command to log into the container:
# export TEST_DEBUG=1
To increase verbosity you can also use keys -v or -vvv for full debugging, for example:
# ansible-playbook --tags=container tests.yml -v
or for full verbosity:
# ansible-playbook --tags=container tests.yml -vvv
Adding tests
Tests are stored in package or module git repositories along with the packages and modules that they test. The tests are updated together with the software. If you're not a package maintainer be sure to talk with the maintainers or team and come to such a common understanding.
Repository for test
One can contribute to dist-git packages without being the maintainer by using a Pagure interface. It is not yet ready. Place tests in the following location until end of Summer 2017.
At the current time, you need to find or create a repository for the tests in the upstreamfirst.fedorainfracloud.org repositories. The name should be identical to the dist-git repository of the package or module that you are targeting.
- Use the Browse button to find existing repos.
- If a repository with the name of the target dist-git repository does exist, use the
[+]create a button to make a new one. - Use the Project name that is identical to the name of the dist-git repository.
- Leave the Create README option unchecked
These repositories will soon be moved into the real package dist-git repositories. The contents of each repository will go into the tests/ folder of the target dist-git repository.
Writing a new test
Once you've identified a dist-git repository you will be adding new tests to (above), you can start to write a new Ansible test. If you wish to wrap an existing test, see the sections below.
Create an Ansible playbook with a new name. Make sure the extension is .yml. Lets place the following example in test_pid_1.yml file.
---
- hosts: localhost
vars:
- artifacts: ./artifacts
tags:
- atomic
- classic
- container
tasks:
- name: Test block
block:
- name: Test that /proc/1 exists
shell: ls /proc > /tmp/test.log && grep -qw 1 /tmp/test.log
always:
- name: Pull out the artifacts
fetch:
dest: "{{ artifacts }}/"
src: "/tmp/test.log"
flat: yes
All tests have an artifacts directory where they place their output. The testing or CI system that invokes the test will fill in this variable with a directory that it will archive. We ensure this directory exists in the test.
By use of tags we note what kind of systems this test is suitable to run on.
The block is the section that runs the actual test. In this example, we use a rather convoluted way of checking that PID 1 exists. However, by doing so, we place an extra test artifact in the artifacts directory.
Lastly, we download the artifacts. Remember that the test is not always running on the same system that it was invoked on. Try running this example test against an Atomic Host or Docker image, using the examples above. It should pass. Try changing the /proc/1 argument to another value, and the test should fail.
You can use most of the Ansible techniques in your playbooks. And take a look at the standard-test-roles for Ansible roles to make writing your tests easier.
Marking the test to be run
Just having a .yml file in the right directory doesn't yet mean it will be invoked. Make sure to reference or add it from a tests.yml playbook. This is the entry point that the testing or CI system will use to invoke all the tests for a given package.
If the tests.yml file doesn't yet exist, create it. Lets continue with our above example and create a tests.yml with the following content:
- include: test_pid_1.yml
You can now run this test with the standard commands above.
Work is being done to define how to tag Ansible playbooks in such a way as to indicate whether a test is able to be run in an Atomic Host, a Docker image, and so on.
Wrapping a script test
Let's say you have a script that runs a test. Its stdout and stderr is the test output, and an exit status of zero indicates success. Here's how we would wrap that test to be invoked. Lets say we have a simple script like in a file called test-simple
#!/bin/sh set -ex # exercise installed gzip/gunzip programs echo "Bla" > bla.file cp bla.file bla.file.orig gzip bla.file gunzip bla.file.gz cmp bla.file bla.file.orig rm bla.file bla.file.orig
We can write an Ansible wrapper for this script like this in test-simple.yml:
---
- hosts: localhost
vars:
- artifacts: ./artifacts
tags:
- atomic
- classic
- container
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Install the test files
copy: src={{ item.file }} dest=/usr/local/bin/{{ item.dest }} mode=0755
with_items:
- {file: test-simple, dest: test-simple }
- name: Test block
block:
- name: Execute the tests
shell: exec > /tmp/test.log 2>&1 && /usr/local/bin/test-simple
always:
- name: Pull out the logs
fetch:
dest: "{{ artifacts }}/"
src: "/tmp/test.log"
flat: yes
All tests have an artifacts directory where they place their output. The testing or CI system that invokes the test will fill in this variable with a directory that it will archive. We create ensure this directory exists in the test.
The block is the section that runs the actual test. In this example, we use a rather convoluted way of checking that PID 1 exists. However, by doing so, we place an extra test artifact in the artifacts directory.
Lastly, we download the artifacts. Remember that the test is not always running on the same system that it was invoked on.
If the tests.yml file doesn't yet exist, create it. Lets continue with our above example and create a tests.yml with the following content:
- include: test_pid_1.yml
Try running this example test against an Atomic Host or Docker image, using the examples above. It should pass. Try changing the /proc/1 argument to another value, and the test should fail.
Wrapping an installed test
TODO
Wrapping a beakerlib test
If you have a set of beakerlib tests, it is recommended to place each test in its own subdirectory.
Then, create tests.yml file with contents similar to the following which runs tests using the 'standard-test-beakerlib' role included in the standard-test-roles package. The list provided for the 'tests' parameter should be the list of names of your per-test subdirectories, and the 'required_packages' parameter should contain a list of additional packages that need to be installed to run the tests.
---
- hosts: localhost
tags:
- atomic
- classic
- container
roles:
- role: standard-test-beakerlib
tests:
- cmd-line-options
required_packages:
- which # which package required for cmd-line-options
- rpm-build # upstream-testsuite requires rpmbuild command
- libtool # upstream-testsuite requires libtool
- gettext # upstream-testsuite requires gettext
Note: The 'required_packages' parameter is ignored when running on Atomic Host--since there is no way to install additional packages in that environment.
Wrapping a Restraint Test
If you have a set of tests you want to run using restraint, each test must be placed in its own subdirectory.
Then, create tests.yml file with contents similar to the following which runs tests using the 'standard-test-rhts' role included in the standard-test-roles package. The list provided for the 'tests' parameter should be the list of names of your per-test subdirectories, and the 'required_packages' parameter should contain a list of additional packages that need to be installed to run the tests.
---
- hosts: localhost
tags:
- classic
- docker
roles:
- role: standard-test-rhts
tests:
- cmd-line-options
required_packages:
- which # which package required for cmd-line-options
- rpm-build # upstream-testsuite requires rpmbuild command
- libtool # upstream-testsuite requires libtool
- gettext # upstream-testsuite requires gettext
Note: Tests using the 'standard-test-rhts' role are not compatible with Atomic Host--since it requires the installation of additional packages and there is no way to do so in that environment. We reflect that by omitting atomic from the <tags> section.