Anaconda Updates
anaconda has the capability to incorporate updates at runtime to fix any bugs or issues with the installer. These updates are generally distributed as a disk image file (referred to as updates.img from here on out). The updates.img can be used in a few different ways.
Updates types
There are a number of sources for the updates.
Updates from the Network
The easiest and most popular way to use an update.img is via the network. This is how almost all updates images you'll see in bug reports and mailing lists are distributed. This does not require you modify your installation tree at all.
To use this method, simply boot with:
linux updates=http://some.website.com/path/to/updates.img
If you have multiple network interfaces, anaconda will first prompt you to select one (unless you have used the ksdevice= boot parameter). It will then attempt to configure this link using DHCP. If you require other networking configuration, you will need to use various options. ksdevice= can be used to specify a different network device, and the ip= option (along with others for gateway, nameserver, and so forth) can be used for static configuration. All anaconda config options are described elsewhere .
If you are making your own updates.img, just upload it to a web server you have access to and pass the location as above.
Updates from a disk image
You can also put an updates.img on a block device (either a floppy or a USB key). This can be done only with an ext2 filesystem type of updates.img. For a floppy drive, insert your floppy and then run
dd if=updates.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=72k count=20
to put the contents of the image on your floppy. Then, boot the installer with
linux updates
and you will be prompted to provide the location of your update disk.
You can also use a USB key or flash media -- just replace /dev/fd0 with the device that your USB key is at.
Updates from the Tree
If you're doing a CD, hard drive, HTTP, or FTP install you can also put the updates.img in your tree to be picked up by all installs automatically. Put the file in the images/ directory.
For NFS installs, there are two options. You can either put the image in images/ as above or explode the image into the RHupdates/ directory in your installation tree.
How to Create an Anaconda Updates Image
If you are working on anaconda or looking at a bug and want to test your own bug fixes, it's easy to create your own updates.img file. There are two formats for the updates.img file. The first, and most common, is an ext2 filesystem. The second is a gzip-compressed cpio archive.
Just do the following steps.
ext2 filesystem image
This is the more traditional form of an updates.img and is required for older releases of anaconda. It is needed if you want to transfer it to a block device (floppy, usb disk, etc). Note that this requires root privileges.
- Create a 1.44MB updates.img image
dd if=/dev/zero of=updates.img bs=1k count=1440
- Format as an ext2 filesystem
mke2fs updates.img
- Mount the image
mount -o loop updates.img /mnt
- Drop updated anaconda python files in a flat directory structure
- Unmount the updates.img
umount /mnt
Compressed cpio archive
This is the newer form of an updates.img and is likely preferred in most cases with current releases of anaconda. In contrast to the above, this does not require root privileges. If can be used only with updates=http:// or updates=ftp:// anaconda boot option.
- Drop updated anaconda files in a flat directory structure, eg: /tmp/updates
(cd /tmp/updates ; find -type f | cpio -c -o) | gzip -c9 > updates.img
How to Examine an Anaconda Updates Image
updates.img files provided by the Fedora project are ext2 filesystem images. To examine one of these files complete the following steps:
- Obtain an
updates.image:wget http://people.redhat.com/~katzj/updates-f7t2.img
- Decide whether it is ext2 filesystem image or gzip compressed cpio archive:
file updates-f7t2.img
To examine an ext2 filesystem image:
- Mount the file using looopback:
mount -o loop updates-f7t2.img /misc
To examine a cpio archive image:
- create a top level directory to hold the updates.img contents:
mkdir /tmp/updates
- unpack the updates into the directory:
zcat updates.img | (cd /tmp/updates ; cpio -ivd)