From Fedora Project Wiki
Setting up an early debug shell
In case of boot-time problems with systemd, it is useful to have a root shell available for debugging.
This debug shell requires no authentication and provides root privileges to anyone who has physical access to the machine. Turn in it on only as needed and disable afterwards.
- Enable using
systemctl enable debug-shell
Manual enabling
If you find yourself in a situation where you cannot use systemctl (e.g. when setting this up from a different booted system), you can enable the service manually:
If you find yourself in a situation where you cannot use systemctl (e.g. when setting this up from a different booted system), you can enable the service manually:
cd $PATH_TO_FEDORA_ROOT/etc/systemd/system mkdir sysinit.target.wants ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/debug-shell.service sysinit.target.wants/
- Next time when booting, you will be able to switch to tty9 using CTRL+ALT+F9 and have a root shell there available from an early point in the booting process.
You can use the shell for checking the status of services, reading logs, looking for stuck jobs with systemctl list-jobs, etc.
- When done, disable with
systemctl disable debug-shell.
Use this shell only for debugging!
Do not forget to disable debug-shell.service after you've finished debugging your boot problems. Leaving the root shell always available would be a security risk.
Do not forget to disable debug-shell.service after you've finished debugging your boot problems. Leaving the root shell always available would be a security risk.