From Fedora Project Wiki

< PackagingDrafts
Revision as of 03:53, 27 April 2013 by Petersen (talk | contribs) (→‎Cabal Flags: separate sentence for %cabal_configure_options)

Haskell Packaging Guidelines

This page documents the guidelines and conventions for packaging Haskell projects in Fedora.

GHC (Glasgow Haskell Compiler) is the current mainstream Haskell compiler. Most Haskell packages are released on Hackage and use the Cabal package system. So the current guidelines mostly focus on packaging for GHC using Cabal.

Spec file templates

There are three types of Haskell Cabal packages: library only (Lib), binary only (Bin), and binary and library (BinLib):

Standardizing the packaging lowers the maintenance burden considerably across Fedora's Haskell packages. Spec files in line with these templates can be generated automatically by the cabal-rpm packaging tool which also adds dependencies listed in the package's cabal configuration file. Most packages should then build, though for some Cabal packages it may be necessary to specify some additional BuildRequires and/or Requires, and to check non-Haskell devel dependencies.

Package Naming

Haskell Bin and BinLib packages should follow the usual Fedora Package Naming Guidelines for base package naming: ie follow the upstream name. Examples include projects like darcs and xmonad. However there may be cases where a Haskell BinLib package is really a Lib package with a minor or unimportant executable: in this case it is better to treat the package a Lib package, optionally with a executable subpackage if appropriate.

The names of Haskell Lib packages, packaged for ghc, are prefixed by "ghc-". For example the Haskell X11 library package is named ghc-X11, and the Haskell mmap library package is named ghc-mmap, etc.

BinLib packages should subpackage their libraries with naming following Lib packages. For example the xmonad BinLib package has library subpackages

  • ghc-xmonad for the shared library, and
  • ghc-xmonad-devel for devel files and the static library.

If a library is packaged for more than one Haskell compiler or interpreter, the base name should instead be prefixed with haskell, e.g. haskell-X11. Such a package would then have subpackages for each compiler and/or interpreter it is built for (e.g. ghc-X11, hugs98-X11, etc).

Package naming preserves case to follow the upstream naming conventions as closely as possible.

Headers

The macro pkg_name is used to carry the name of the upstream library package (i.e. without the Fedora "ghc-" prefix). It should be defined at the top of Lib and BinLib packages: 

%global pkg_name <package>

Cabal Flags

Cabal flags for build options should be set by patching the package's .cabal. %cabal_configure_options can be set to pass other options to Cabal.

This helps packagers and tools like cabal-rpm to track actual package dependencies correctly.

The cabal-tweak-flag script can be used to toggle flag defaults and avoid extra patching.

Dependency Generation

Spec file dependencies are generated by the cabal-rpm packaging tool.

RPM dependencies for Haskell libraries are automatically generated at build-time by the ghc-deps.sh script.

Shared and static library linking

GHC uses static libraries by default, but supports shared libraries on some architectures: currently i686 and x86_64. Lib and BinLib packages should provide static, shared, and profiling libraries:

  • the shared library lives in the base library package, and
  • the static and profiling library and header files in the -devel subpackage.

Because GHC still assumes static versions of libraries are installed they need to be in the devel subpackage and it doesn't make sense to subpackage them yet.

Executables in Bin and BinLib packages should be dynamically linked to shared libraries.

Note that executables in most BinLib packages are currently staticly linked against the library in their own package, but dynamically linked against other dependent libraries.

Some particular packages may do user compilation during runtime in which case they will need Requires as well as BuildRequires for their dependencies: examples include xmonad and yi which require their devel package to be present to allow users to relink their configuration or customization.

RPM Macros

The templates all have buildrequires for ghc-rpm-macros, which provides macros.ghc to assist with packaging Haskell Cabal packages.

The main commonly used macros are:

  • %ghc_bin_build, %ghc_lib_build
  • %ghc_bin_install, %ghc_lib_install
  • %ghc_devel_package, %ghc_devel_description
  • %ghc_package, %ghc_description
  • %ghc_devel_post_postun
  • %ghc_files

They are used in the templates and explained in more detail below.

Normally the macros should just work and do the right thing, but if necessary a macro can be replaced by its expansion and then tweaked in order to get a package to build for Fedora.

Bin packages

Bin package executables are dynamically linked to shared Haskell libraries when available, but this can be overridden if necessary by defining the ghc_without_dynamic macro.

  • %ghc_bin_build is used to configure and build bin packages. It runs:
    • %global debug_package %{nil}: debuginfo is disabled since ghc's output is not in DWARF format.
    • %cabal_configure: configure the package for building and dynamic linking.
    • %cabal build: builds the package.
  • %ghc_bin_install is used to install bin packages. It runs:
    • %cabal_install: installs the package.
    • %ghc_strip_dynlinked: strips the dynamically linked binary.

Lib and BinLib packages

BinLib package executables should be dynamically linked to other shared Haskell libraries when available, but this can be overridden if necessary by defining the ghc_without_dynamic macro.

  • %ghc_lib_build is used to configure, build and generate documentation for Lib and BinLib packages. It runs:
    • %global debug_package %{nil}: debuginfo is disabled since ghc's output is not in DWARF format.
    • %cabal_configure --ghc -p: configures the package for building with ghc and profiling. Libraries should build profiling versions of their static libraries.
    • %cabal build: builds the package.
    • %cabal haddock: generates HTML library documentation from the source code.
      • If necessary (if e.g. documentation is failing to build for some reason) this can be skipped by defining without_haddock.
      • Additionally links to colored html sourcecode are also generated with hscolour, which can be disabled by defining without_hscolour.
  • %ghc_lib_install is used to install Lib and BinLib packages. It runs:
    • %cabal_install: installs the package without registering it in ghc-pkg.
    • %cabal_pkg_conf: creates ghc-pkg .conf metadata file for package installation time
    • %ghc_gen_filelists: generates rpm filelists.
    • %ghc_strip_dynlinked: strips dynamically linked objects.
  • %ghc_devel_package: Boilerplate to define devel subpackages.
  • %ghc_devel_description: Boilerplate for devel subpackage description.
  • %ghc_package: BinLib boilerplate to define base library subpackage.
  • %ghc_description: BinLib boilerplate for base library subpackage description.
  • %ghc_devel_post_postun: post and postun boilerplate for devel subpackage.
    • The install scripts run %ghc_pkg_recache to refresh the ghc package cache database with .conf file data.
  • %ghc_files: Helper macro for %files lists for base library and devel subpackages (see below).

Directories

GHC libraries are installed under %ghcpkgdir/%{pkg_name}-%{version}:

Library documentation lives under %ghclibdocdir/%{pkg_name}-%{version}.

File lists

Filelists for shared and devel library subpackages are generated through %ghc_lib_install using the macro %ghc_gen_filelists.

It generates the filelists: ghc-%{pkg_name}.files and ghc-%{pkg_name}-devel.files.

The files sections boilerplate is generated by %ghc_files.

If you need to add additional %doc files to the base library package they can pass them as arguments to %ghc_files. Additionally files to the devel subpackage can be appended below %ghc_files.

For example: 

   %ghc_files COPYING
   %doc README

adds a license file to the base library package and a README file to the devel subpackage.

Non-doc files can be add to the base library package using %ghc_add_basepkg_file.

Compiling non-Cabal packages

Packages compiling Haskell code without Cabal, ie directly with ghc or ghc --make, should use -O1 optimization, like Cabal does by default.

References

Retrieved from "https://fedoraproject.org/w/index.php?title=PackagingDrafts/Haskell&oldid=333907"