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| ---nirik has changed the topic to: Fedora IRC Classroom - Using Yum - Tricks and tips with your teacher Kevin Fenzi (nirik) - See https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Classroom for schedule of tonights classes. | Feb 07 03:00 | |
| nirik | Welcome everyone. | Feb 07 03:00 |
|---|---|---|
| nirik | I am going to be talking about yum and yum-utils and various utils around yum tonight. | Feb 07 03:00 |
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| nirik | I'm happy to adjust the class based on what folks want to hear... otherwise I will start out with some basic info about yum and go from there. | Feb 07 03:01 |
| aTypical | That sounds good to me, nirik | Feb 07 03:01 |
| nirik | So, what is yum? It's a command line package management utility. | Feb 07 03:01 |
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| nirik | You will need to open up a terminal and 'su' to become root to use many of yums commands/options | Feb 07 03:02 |
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| nirik | First, there are a set of basic commands with yum itself: | Feb 07 03:02 |
| nirik | yum check-update | Feb 07 03:03 |
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| nirik | will check to see if there are newer packages that have been updated by fedora (or any other repositories you have defined) and list them. | Feb 07 03:03 |
| nirik | yum install packagename | Feb 07 03:03 |
| nirik | will install packagename if it's available from any of the repositories you have enabled. It will also install any packages that are needed by that one to function (dependencies). | Feb 07 03:04 |
| nirik | it's worth noting that it will ask you if you still want to install it after it has the list of dependencies. | Feb 07 03:04 |
| nirik | yum remove packagename | Feb 07 03:04 |
| nirik | will remove a package | Feb 07 03:05 |
| nirik | yum info packagename | Feb 07 03:05 |
| herlo | nicklist off | Feb 07 03:05 |
| nirik | will show you some info about a package, similar to the rpm -qi we saw eariler. | Feb 07 03:05 |
| herlo | sorrry | Feb 07 03:05 |
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| nirik | yum update or yum upgrade get a list of updates pending and offers to download and upgrade them for you. | Feb 07 03:06 |
| nirik | note that in recent fedoras they are the same thing. | Feb 07 03:06 |
| nirik | (unless you have changed config file values) | Feb 07 03:07 |
| nirik | yum also has a bunch of group commands... | Feb 07 03:07 |
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| nirik | yum grouplist - list all the groups available | Feb 07 03:07 |
| nirik | yum groupinstall "group name" - install all the packages in a group | Feb 07 03:07 |
| nirik | etc. See the yum man page 'man yum' for the entire list. ;) | Feb 07 03:08 |
| nirik | ok, so those are kinda the small subset of commands that most people will use/see... | Feb 07 03:08 |
| nirik | any questions on those? | Feb 07 03:09 |
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| aTypical | So far, so good. | Feb 07 03:09 |
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| kaos01 | all cool | Feb 07 03:09 |
| nirik | ok, a few more informative commands that perhaps people don't know as well: | Feb 07 03:09 |
| nirik | yum repolist | Feb 07 03:10 |
| nirik | will show you all the repositories you have enabled currently. This can be handy in debugging problems. | Feb 07 03:10 |
| nirik | yum localinstall packagename.rpm | Feb 07 03:10 |
| nirik | will allow you to install a local package you have downloaded, plus any dependencies it has. | Feb 07 03:10 |
| nirik | you can also disable or enable repos for just one command. For this you use '--disablerepo=name' or '--enablerepo=name' | Feb 07 03:11 |
| brunowolff | Is "localinstall" implied when you give a package name ending in .rpm ? | Feb 07 03:12 |
| nirik | this is often handy for getting just one package from the updates-testing repo or the like | Feb 07 03:12 |
| nirik | brunowolff: I don't think so... you have to pass it a valid rpm package file... ie, 'yum localinstall /path/to/file.rpm' | Feb 07 03:12 |
| brunowolff | I am pretty sure I did yum install something.rpm and had it work. | Feb 07 03:12 |
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| nirik | it's possible. ;) The yum guys are always adding cool new features... ;) | Feb 07 03:13 |
| nirik | brunowolff: we can check after the session? should be easy to test. ;) | Feb 07 03:13 |
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| nirik | so, for installing just one package from updates-testing, you could do something like 'yum install packagename --enablerepo=fedora-updates-testing' | Feb 07 03:14 |
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| nirik | another handy one which gets used on rawhide / development installs more than anywhere, is '--skip-broken' | Feb 07 03:15 |
| nirik | this allows yum to update only the things that don't have problems... | Feb 07 03:15 |
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| nirik | ok, thats the base yum commands... now I was going to take a bit about 'yum shell' | Feb 07 03:16 |
| nirik | yum also has the ability to run in a 'shell' mode. | Feb 07 03:17 |
| nirik | this is invoked via 'yum shell'. You can do some pretty advanced things here. | Feb 07 03:17 |
| nirik | you can for example remove one package and install another in a single transaction... instead of having to yum remove then yum install. | Feb 07 03:17 |
| nirik | I don't know how much we want to get into it's details, but it's a powerfull tool worth mentioning. | Feb 07 03:18 |
| nirik | ok, next I wanted to move on to yum plugins. | Feb 07 03:18 |
| nirik | There are a number of plugins available for yum that add on to it, or change it's behavior. | Feb 07 03:19 |
| nirik | You can take a look at this list with: yum list 'yum-*' | Feb 07 03:19 |
| nirik | A few to mention: | Feb 07 03:20 |
| nirik | the yum-fastestmirror plugin is pretty popular. It allows a simplistic check on the mirrors you have available to you and tries to send you to the 'fastest' one. | Feb 07 03:20 |
| nirik | sadly it can sometimes point you to an out of date mirror also, so be careful when using it. | Feb 07 03:21 |
| nirik | the yum-presto plugin will likely become more popular in later releases. It allows you to download a delta of a update instead of the entire package again... | Feb 07 03:21 |
| nirik | saving much bandwith. | Feb 07 03:21 |
| nirik | There aren't any official fedora mirrors setup for this yet, but it's being worked on. | Feb 07 03:22 |
| nirik | Another plugin of interest is the yum-security plugin. This will allow you to only apply security updates, and not all updates (bugfix and enhancement) that come out. | Feb 07 03:22 |
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| nirik | Anyone have any questions on plugins? | Feb 07 03:23 |
| kaos01 | the new yum-post-transaction-actions is quite usefull :) | Feb 07 03:23 |
| nirik | indeed. There are lots of interesting ones. | Feb 07 03:23 |
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| nirik | ok, moving on, I'd like to talk about yum-utils for a bit. | Feb 07 03:24 |
| nirik | yum-utils are some associated utilities. It is a seperate package from yum, but it's installed by default now on recent fedora releases. | Feb 07 03:24 |
| nirik | you can run a 'rpm -ql yum-utils' to see all the bundled utils in the package. | Feb 07 03:25 |
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| nirik | I'll point out 3 or so of them: | Feb 07 03:25 |
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| nirik | yumdownloader - this handy util lets you download packages. It does not install them, just downloads them... | Feb 07 03:26 |
| nirik | it has some nifty arguments as well: --url will just show the url of the package (handy for pasting to someone else on irc) | Feb 07 03:26 |
| nirik | --source will get the source package instead of the normal binary package. | Feb 07 03:26 |
| nirik | so you can get source to some package you are interested in (in src.rpm form) | Feb 07 03:27 |
| nirik | you can pass it --enablerepo and --disablerepo as well. | Feb 07 03:27 |
| nirik | so you can get the url to a source rpm for a repo you don't even normally have enabled. ;) | Feb 07 03:28 |
| nirik | Any questions on yumdownloader? | Feb 07 03:28 |
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| nirik | next up is 'debuginfo-install'. | Feb 07 03:29 |
| nirik | this allows you to install debuginfo packages. You need these if you are debugging a program thats crashing... | Feb 07 03:29 |
| nirik | this util will fetch not only the debuginfo for the package you name, but all the ones it depends on as well. | Feb 07 03:30 |
| nirik | Finally in yum-utils, I'd like to talk about 'yum-complete-transaction' | Feb 07 03:30 |
| nirik | Has anyone here ever had a machine loose power in the middle of an update? | Feb 07 03:31 |
| skorcher | yes | Feb 07 03:31 |
| nirik | This can be pretty messy as you have a bunch of packages half installed and it's in a weird state. | Feb 07 03:31 |
| brunowolff | More likely had X go away when not using 'screen' to run the yum command. | Feb 07 03:31 |
| nirik | This command will allow you to tell yum to finish it's last uncompleted transaction. | Feb 07 03:32 |
| nirik | So, in some cases you can just run this and everything is all back to normal. | Feb 07 03:32 |
| brunowolff | It actually will do the oldest uncompleted transaction if you have more than one. | Feb 07 03:32 |
| *nirik nods. | Feb 07 03:32 | |
| nirik | correct. You can also tell it to forget about some pending ones you dont want it to complete anymore. | Feb 07 03:33 |
| nirik | so, it's a pretty handy command. | Feb 07 03:33 |
| nirik | If you don't have any pending transactions, it will tell you so. | Feb 07 03:33 |
| nirik | ok, I would like to take a bit about searching for things now... unless anyone has any questions on anything so far? | Feb 07 03:34 |
| brunowolff | Are you going to cover package-cleanup? That's nice for people doing yum upgrades. | Feb 07 03:35 |
| nirik | brunowolff: yeah, we can go over that one real quick... | Feb 07 03:35 |
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| nirik | package-cleanup is another util that allows you to look for and clean up some problems with your installed package collection. | Feb 07 03:35 |
| nirik | the --problems flag will tell you about problems you have, like missing dependencies or the like. | Feb 07 03:36 |
| nirik | -d will tell you about duplicate packages you have installed. | Feb 07 03:36 |
| nirik | ie, from an update or transaction that never finished right. | Feb 07 03:36 |
| nirik | --cleandupes will also clean out the older versions of any duplicate packages. | Feb 07 03:37 |
| nirik | --orphans will tell you about any packages you have installed that are NOT available in any repo you have enabled. | Feb 07 03:37 |
| nirik | you can also get this info from 'yum list extras' | Feb 07 03:37 |
| nirik | this can tell you what locally built or 3rd party packages were installed on a machine. | Feb 07 03:38 |
| rtnpro_ | nirik, ! | Feb 07 03:38 |
| nirik | go ahead rtnpro_ | Feb 07 03:38 |
| rtnpro_ | nirik, lately my kernel was not getting updated, but when I did yum clean all, it did | Feb 07 03:39 |
| nirik | rtnpro_: great question. It was telling you that you had no updates pending? | Feb 07 03:40 |
| nirik | yum keeps a cache locally to speed up some actions. | Feb 07 03:40 |
| nirik | so, it will check the mirrors for updates only once that cache has timed out. Usually this isn't a problem, but sometimes you want it to check more often. | Feb 07 03:41 |
| nirik | you can use 'yum clean all', but that will also clean out any downloaded packages you have around, and any copies of any of the metadata. | Feb 07 03:41 |
| nirik | you can use just 'yum clean metadata' if you want it to check again for everything, right then. | Feb 07 03:42 |
| rtnpro_ | nirik, can you explain why ? | Feb 07 03:42 |
| rtnpro_ | nirik, rather it gave me some dependency incompatibilities | Feb 07 03:42 |
| nirik | rtnpro_: ah, do you by any chance have any kmod packages installed from rpmfusion? | Feb 07 03:42 |
| nirik | in that case, when fedora releases a new kernel, rpmfusion builds a new kmod package, but you have to wait for them both to sync out. If you only have one available on your mirrors, | Feb 07 03:43 |
| nirik | you run into a dependency problem with kernel upgrades. | Feb 07 03:43 |
| nirik | does that make sense? | Feb 07 03:43 |
| rtnpro_ | nirik, yes kmod-nvidia | Feb 07 03:43 |
| nirik | rtnpro_: I can get you a post that explains it in more detail after the class if you like... | Feb 07 03:44 |
| nirik | ok, shall we move on to searching? then perhaps go to some q&a? | Feb 07 03:44 |
| nirik | so you can use yum to search for things. You have seen 'yum list' to list package names, but yum also has other search features. | Feb 07 03:45 |
| brunowolff | Can you talk about setting options in the config file, such as making skip broken the default? | Feb 07 03:45 |
| nirik | brunowolff: sure thing. Lets talk about searching for a bit then cover that... | Feb 07 03:45 |
| brunowolff | Oops I got ahead. | Feb 07 03:45 |
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| nirik | yum has a 'search' feature... which searchs the package name, the description and summary... | Feb 07 03:46 |
| nirik | ie, 'yum search fingerprint' for example to show any package with that in those fields. | Feb 07 03:46 |
| nirik | Sometimes you will want to find out what package owns a particular file that you want... you can use 'yum provides' for that... with wildcards. | Feb 07 03:47 |
| nirik | ie, 'yum provides '/*bash Note that you want to use /* there if you don't know the path so that yum knows you are talking about a file path and not a name | Feb 07 03:48 |
| brunowolff | Wouldn't */bash be better? | Feb 07 03:48 |
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| nirik | brunowolff: yeah, that will work now I guess. it used to be that / needed to be first so yum knew it was a path... | Feb 07 03:49 |
| brunowolff | That has definitely changed, since I use leading */ on my searches. | Feb 07 03:50 |
| nirik | ok, any questions on searching? | Feb 07 03:50 |
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| nirik | brunowolff: yeah, it's changed, but I am not sure in which release... | Feb 07 03:50 |
| inode0 | what if the file you are searching for ins't installed? | Feb 07 03:51 |
| brunowolff | Why does yum use provides to mean what you uses whatprovides for. I found that confusing. | Feb 07 03:51 |
| nirik | inode0: it doesn't matter. It searches yum's info from the mirrors. | Feb 07 03:51 |
| brunowolff | And related to that is there a way to get what a package provides from yum? | Feb 07 03:52 |
| nirik | inode0: so the good thing is that it doesn't have to be installed. ;) | Feb 07 03:52 |
| nirik | brunowolff: yeah, you mean rpm there ? I don't know why they are different. | Feb 07 03:52 |
| brunowolff | There should have been an 'rpm' in there somewhere. | Feb 07 03:52 |
| nirik | I don't think you can get that from yum... but there is another command: repoquery This will let you do all kinds of queries on packages. | Feb 07 03:53 |
| nirik | repoquery -q --provides foobar | Feb 07 03:54 |
| nirik | ok, we are running low on time... lets talk about the config file. | Feb 07 03:54 |
| nirik | yum uses a config file in /etc/yum.conf | Feb 07 03:54 |
| nirik | you can look at all the options via 'man yum.conf' | Feb 07 03:54 |
| brunowolff | That should do. It's a pain to use rpm for stuff that isn't installed, even with a local mirror. | Feb 07 03:54 |
| nirik | you can use for example 'skip_broken=1' to set it to be on by default in /etc/yum.conf. | Feb 07 03:55 |
| nirik | brunowolff: yeah. repoquery works, but it can be slow... ;) | Feb 07 03:55 |
| nirik | It's worth noting that any plugin config is done in /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/ | Feb 07 03:56 |
| nirik | not in the main yum.conf. | Feb 07 03:56 |
| nirik | brunowolff: did that answer your question on skip_broken/ | Feb 07 03:56 |
| brunowolff | Yes. I think for plugins as well. I wasn't sure if they went in the main file or somewhere else. | Feb 07 03:57 |
| nirik | any further questions before we wrap up? | Feb 07 03:57 |
| brunowolff | I did test not having to use localinstall and at least for names ending in .rpm 'install' will work. | Feb 07 03:58 |
| nirik | excellent. Thanks for the info brunowolff | Feb 07 03:59 |
| nirik | its worth noting that for rpm it doesn't care what the file is called... it could be foobar.doc and if it's a valid rpm file it will still operate on it fine. | Feb 07 04:00 |
| nirik | ok, thanks everyone! | Feb 07 04:00 |
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