文档目的
This document gives an introduction on what Bodhi is and its uses in real-time. This is a work in progress and hence the document currently targets end-users, however this document would be updated periodically to target everyone.
适用范围
This document is targeted towards both end users and Fedora developers
Bodhi 是什么
Bodhi pronounced as bo-dee is a buddhist term for the wisdom by which one attains enlightenment. Bodhi is a modular web-based system that facilitates the process of publishing package updates for Fedora. It maintains a single stage of repositories by adding/updating/removing packages.
Bodhi 的优点
- Provides an intuitive interface for developers and release engineers to manage pushing out package updates for multiple version releases.
- Helps in delivering quality packages and repository sustainment with automated testing.
- Helps Community testers to get involved in testing of the package updates and provide quality feedback which would reach the packagers/developers.
- Provides a modular framework that will allow future integrations to various other QA and developer tools.
- New packages entering the collection can be announced to users.
- The reasons for an update can be communicated to end users.
- Bodhi generates extended update metadata which is parsed client-side by yum.
- Security updates can be seen by users as a separate channel, with links to the security advisories.
- Automated testing can be done on updates before they are released.
- End users and QA folks who wish to can test updates before they are released.
工作流程
First you must build your package in the Koji buildsystem. See the relative guide.
It is always recommended that you test your package locally to the best of your ability before pushing it into a release.
Packages must then move through the following states in Bodhi.
软件包状态
Once submitted to Bodhi, packages move through the following states:
- PENDING - Your update has not yet been pushed to the testing or stable repositories.
- TESTING - Your package is in the updates-testing repository for people to test.
- STABLE - Your package has been released to the main updates repository.
- OBSOLETE - Your package has been obsoleted by a different update
Pending
Once your update is submitted to bodhi, it will enter the Pending state. You can submit updates to Bodhi in the following ways:
- The bodhi-client command line interface
$ bodhi --new --release F7 --type bugfix bodhi-0.4.2-1.fc7
- or, you can run the following from the git branch of your package:
$ fedpkg update
You can see a menu on the left:
Select New Update for the appropriate release and type the name of the package that you would like to update. A list should appear with all of the possible builds for this package, if not then you can type the full name-version-release manually. Select the build that is going to be a potential update. You will be able to specify if the package is bugfix, an enhancement, or a security update. You can also specify any bugzilla bugs related to this update and provide any end user notes. By default, bodhi will close all associated bugs when the update is marked as stable, which can be toggled upon creation.
Bodhi will perform some sanity checks on your update request. Is your package built and available in koji? Is it tagged as an updates candidate for the release you wish to make it available for? The update path for your package will also be checked at this point to make sure you don't release a newer version of a package on an older release. Your update must not break the upgrade path or it will be rejected.
When you are satisfied with the details of your update, you then choose "Push to Testing". Alternatively "Push to Stable" may be selected to skip the testing state.
The signing process is currently done by a human, so you will be notified by email when your update has been signed and pushed, and a package update notification will also be sent to fedora-package-announce or fedora-test-list depending on its status.
Testing
While in the updates-testing repository you may get feedback, both positive and negative. Once enough feedback is generated, you can use the bodhi interface to release your update by clicking 'Mark as Stable', or to remove it click 'Delete'.
If you chose to use the 'karma automatism' feature when submitting your update, it will automatically be pushed or unpushed based on the feedback from testers. This feature can be disabled if you wish to push your update to the stable repository manually. By default, for non-critical path updates, if your update achieves a karma of 3, it will automatically be pushed to stable, and will be unpushed if it reaches -3.
Stable
After your package is marked as stable, a request will get sent to the RelEng team and it will be signed and pushed out to the main released updates repository. Note that signing is a manual process and is done as time permits. Upon completion bodhi will optionally close all associated bugs, send out update notices to the appropriate mailing lists, and will notify everyone associated with the update.
Obsolete
When submitting a new version of a package, bodhi will automatically obsolete any pending or testing updates that do not have an active push request. Once obsoleted, your new update will inherit the old updates Bugs and Notes.
Karma
Bodhi Karma is a simple +1/-1 voting system that allows for testers to provide feedback as to whether a given update works or not. The karma of a given update is the sum of the karma of all of its comments. A guide for providing feedback on updates is available at QA:Update_feedback_guidelines.
Karma requirements for Critical Path updates
As of July 2012, the Proven_tester system which required Critical Path updates to receive at least one positive karma point from a special group of testers known as 'proven testers' has been suspended. Critical Path updates now simply require a karma sum of +2, or can be pushed after a 14-day wait if they have received no negative karma. See the Updates_Policy for details: the Updates Policy page is always the canonical source for update karma requirements.
Possible workflows with the karma system
Karma Automatism
When submitting an update, you can tell bodhi to automatically push it to stable once it has reached a given karma threshold. This threshold defaults to +3 for marking an update as "stable", and -3 for marking it as "unstable". These defaults are obviously not suitable for all updates, so the maintainer may configure these values as they wish.
For Critical Path Updates, you can still set a threshold, but it must first meet the karma requirements for critical path updates.
Manual intervention
Maintainers can disable the automatic pushing and manually submit their update to the stable repository once they deem it appropriate. Updates to non-Critical Path packages must either have a karma sum of at least +1 or have been in updates-testing for 7 days with no negative feedback before they can be pushed manually. See the canonical Updates_Policy for further details.
How to help test important updates using Bodhi
For details on the Proven Tester procedures and mentoring process, see the wiki page here. For instructions on when to leave positive, negative, neutral or no feedback on an update, see here.
Using the bodhi web interface
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/updates/critpath?release=F13
You can optionally pass in a specific 'release' or an 'untested' flag, which will return a list of critical path updates that have yet to be approved.
Using the bodhi command-line client
bodhi --testable --critpath --type=security
bodhi --testable --type=security
Using the Fedora Community dashboard
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/community/#package_maintenance/updates/testing_updates
Using the fedora-easy-karma tool
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_Easy_Karma
Questions and Answers
1. Q: What versions of Fedora and EPEL use or will use Bodhi? A: Fedora utilizes Bodhi as of Fedora 7. EPEL now utilizes Koji and Bodhi.
2. Q: Won't this slow down development / rawhide packages? A: bodhi will NOT be used for development / rawhide. Package builds there will (usually) be available in the next rawhide push. The exception being periods where there is a freeze in effect.
3. Q: Why do we need bodhi? What was wrong with just always pushing updates right out? A: There are lots of advantages to an updates system like bodhi, see Advantages of Bodhi.
4. Q: Is there a command line interface to bodhi? Do I have to have web access? A: The bodhi-client package is available.
5. Q: I want to push my package directly out, bypassing testing. A: You need to get permission from FESCo for this.
6. Q: What do I put in the "Notes" section of an update? A: It's up to you as maintainer. Consider that end users would like to know why they just downloaded this update. Does it add anything? Fix a bug? If it's a new package, consider adding in a copy of the description so end users will know what it is.
7. Q: Are we going to have any rule for how long things should be in updates-testing? How much QA? How many good/bad? A: Right now bodhi will automatically stabalize updates once they reach a karma of 3. Releng and security team members have full control of the updates, as well as the person that submits them.
Outstanding Questions
Enhancement suggestions
Proposed addition to New on the need and steps for ensuring that a package and its dependencies are pushed together as one unit.
There are cases where a package depends on one or more other packages and one must ensure that the package along with the packages it depends on are pushed to stable, or testing, as one unit. If the dependent package gets pushed ahead of the others this would cause unresolved dependencies at update time.
To give a concrete example: nss was split into three stand-alone packages, nss, nss-softokn, and nss-util. nss depends on nss-softokn and both nss and nss-soktokn depend on nss-util. They all in turn depend on nspr. nss-softokn is updated independently of, and less frequently than, nss whereas the nss-util package is usually updated in synchrony with nss. If several of these are updated they must be pushed as a unit.
Via the Bodhi Web interface: At the point of adding our package build to the update, add also any rebuilds of packages this one depends on. This ensures that the package and its dependencies are submitted as one unit.
Via the command line interface: you can do it also by adding all needed builds
If the package has a dependency on another package maintained by someone else one still make a bundle, e.g., firefox, xulrunner, and the nss packages are sometimes released together as a "bundle" in Bodhi.
Ideas for improving the Karma System
* http://bochecha.fedorapeople.org/bodhi_karma_revamped * http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/devel/2010-March/134087.html