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OpenVPN

For more information, see https://community.openvpn.net/.

Security note

The configuration snippets here will produce a working server and client config. But take certain precautions if you want to use this approach in a production environment. Important things to avoid are:

  • Do not store the easy-rsa CA files on the OpenVPN server.
    • The server only needs ca.crt, server.crt, server.key and dh*.pem files
    • The client only needs ca.crt, client.crt and client.key
  • Avoid creating the encryption keys in a virtualized environment, as the random entropy may not be random enough to guarantee safe keys.

Working with systemd

With the transition to systemd, OpenVPN no longer has a single monolithic init script, where every connection with a configuration file in /etc/openvpn/ is started automatically. Instead, individual connections can be started and stopped with systemctl.

For example, to start a connection, run systemctl start openvpn-client@foo.service, where the connection is defined in /etc/openvpn/client/foo.conf.

For more information, see Systemd#How_do_I_start.2Fstop_or_enable.2Fdisable_services.3F.

Setting up an OpenVPN server

  1. dnf install openvpn easy-rsa
  2. Copy /usr/share/easy-rsa/3 somewhere (like /etc/openvpn/ directory with mkdir /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa; cp -rai /usr/share/easy-rsa/3/* /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/).
  3. cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
  4. Edit vars appropriately.
  5. ./easyrsa clean-all
  6. Before continuing, make sure the system time is correct. Preferably, set up NTP .
  7. ./easyrsa build-ca
  8. ./easyrsa build-server-full $( hostname | cut -d. -f1 )
  9. ./easyrsa gen-dh
  10. mkdir /etc/openvpn/keys
  11. cp -ai keys/$( hostname | cut -d. -f1 ).{crt,key} keys/ca.crt keys/dh*.pem /etc/openvpn/keys/
  12. cp -ai /usr/share/doc/openvpn*/sample/sample-config-files/roadwarrior-server.conf /etc/openvpn/serverudp.conf
  13. Edit /etc/openvpn/server.conf appropriately to set your configuration and key paths, which are found in /etc/openvpn/keys/.
  14. Fix selinux context of files: restorecon -Rv /etc/openvpn
  15. (Note that 'serverudp' corresponds with the configuration name in /etc/openvpn/server such as serverudp.conf; that is, 'serverudp' corresponds to whatever name your configuration file has)
  16. systemctl enable openvpn-server@serverudp.service
  17. systemctl start openvpn-server@serverudp.service
  18. Verify that firewall rules allow traffic in from tun+, out from the LAN to tun+, and in from the outside on UDP port 1194.

The following should work (assuming an outside interface is eth1 and an inside interface is eth0): 

iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun+ -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o tun+ -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

These commands should work for firewalld: 

# The default 'openvpn' service references udp port 1194
firewall-cmd --add-service=openvpn
# Add the network interface to the default zone (e.g. "FedoraServer" for Fedora Server)
firewall-cmd --add-interface=tun0 --permanent
# Allow intra-zone forwarding for the default zone
firewall-cmd --add-forward --permanent
# Allow masquerading (Network address translation - NAT) for the default zone 
firewall-cmd --add-masquerade --permanent
# Reload FirewallD to check the bootup behaviour
firewall-cmd --reload
# Show the complete current config
firewall-cmd --list-all

Or for genfw (my firewall-generation script, not currently available in Fedora), this in /etc/sysconfig/genfw/rules: 

append INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
append INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
append FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
append FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun+ -j ACCEPT
append FORWARD -i eth1 -o tun+ -j established

Or for system-config-firewall, you can add these custom rules: 

-A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i tun+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun+ -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i eth1 -o tun+ -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

Create a file iptables-rules in /etc/sysconfig and add the above contents, then in system-config-firewall, choose the "Custom Rules" choice, click "Add", choose IPV4 for the protocol type, and filter for the firewall table. Then select /etc/sysconfig/iptables-rules for the File: choice. Then Apply the changes.

Setting up a Linux OpenVPN client

You need to generate new keys (or use existing other client/username keys) for the new client/username

On the server:

  1. cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
  2. ./easyrsa build-client-full username

On the client:

  • In the following, replace clientudp with a descriptive vpn connection name.
  1. Copy username.key, username.crt and ca.crt from server to /etc/openvpn/client/.
  2. cp -ai /usr/share/doc/openvpn*/sample-config-files/roadwarrior-client.conf /etc/openvpn/client/clientudp.conf
  3. Edit /etc/openvpn/client/clientudp.conf appropriately to set your configuration (just like server configuration, port, compression,..) and key paths.
  4. systemctl enable openvpn-client@clientudp.service
  5. systemctl start openvpn-client@clientudp.service

check /var/log/messages if things didn't work as expected

Alternatively, on the client, after copying the keys onto the client machine, you can use NetworkManager to add a vpn connection. Make sure you have the NetworkManager-openvpn package installed. Then just add a new VPN connection.

Should also test automatic starting at boot up, with password protected key files and maybe even --auth-user-pass. OpenVPN supports systemd's password passing if build with --enable-systemd via ./configure

Setting up a Windows OpenVPN client

On the server:

  1. cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa
  2. ./easyrsa build-client-full username

On the client:

  1. Install the the OpenVPN Windows client.
  2. Copy username.crt, username.key, and ca.crt to C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\ on the client.
  3. Drop roadwarrior-client.conf into C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config\ as whatever.ovpn and edit appropriately.
  4. Either use the GUI to start the connection, start the OpenVPN service manually, or set the OpenVPN service to start automatically.

Ideally the client should do some verification on the server key with tls-remote in the whatever.ovpn configuration file.

Using OpenVPN with Pacemaker

When using OpenVPN with Pacemaker and systemd a command like pcs resource create openvpn-foo systemd:openvpn-client@foo op monitor interval=60s --force is needed to create a new resource for OpenVPN, where the connection is defined in /etc/openvpn/client/foo.conf. Passing --force is required, otherwise the error message "Error: Unable to create resource 'systemd:openvpn-client@foo', it is not installed on this system (use --force to override)" is thrown even the OpenVPN configuration file exists.

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