NetworkManager
NetworkManager осигурява автоматично откриване на мрежи и конфигуриране на системата. Веднъж активирана, услугата NetworkManager също следи за мрежовите интерфейси и може автоматично да превключва на най-добрата връзка във всеки определен момент. Приложенията, включващи поддръжка на NetworkManager могат автоматично да превключват между режими онлайн и офлайн, когато системата се свърже или загуби връзка с мрежата.
Тези инструменти са най-полезни за модерните лаптопи, при които потребителят може да се мести в различни безжични мрежи и да се включва към множество жични мрежи, но NetworkManager предоставя също и характеристики, които са от значение за стационарните компютри. Настоящите версии на NetworkManager поддържат модемни връзки, и някои типове VPN. Разработването на тези характеристики продължава.
NetworkManager изисква Fedora да има драйвери за жичните и безжичните интерфейси на компютъра. Много производители на модеми и безжични устройства предоставят ограничена поддръжка за Linux. Може да е необходимо да инсталирате допълнителни драйвери или вграден софтуер на вашата система Fedora, за да активирате тези интерфейси.
Активиране на NetworkManager във Fedora
Чрез команден ред
Процесът на инсталиране на Fedora автоматично включва NetworkManager. За да го активирате, въведете следните команди в прозореца на терминала:
1. Set the main service to automatically start on boot: su -c '/sbin/chkconfig --level 345 NetworkManager on'
1. Start the service: su -c '/sbin/service NetworkManager start
For each
su
command, enter the root password at the prompt.
Graphical Way
Start the system-config-services
program, enter your root password and activate the NetworkManager
service for runlevel 5.
Gnome-specific information
The NetworkManager tray icon automatically appears on your desktop once the services are started. If the NetworkManager service is active, then the tray icon appears each time that you log in to your desktop.
NetworkManager also stores any encryption keys in the gnome-keyring manager. If your are prompted to enter the keyring password after login, then keep reading. If your login password & the keyring password are the same, then there is a tool built to open the keyring for you on login. The package is called pam_keyring. To configure your system first install pam_keyring with yum:
su -c 'yum -y install pam_keyring'
Second you'll need to modify your /etc/pam.d/gdm file.
su -c 'gedit /etc/pam.d/gdm'
Add the following lines
auth optional pam_keyring.so try_first_pass session optional pam_keyring.so
The order in which this lines are placed in this file are important, here is a copy from a working system
#%PAM-1.0 auth required pam_env.so auth optional pam_keyring.so try_first_pass <--- auth include system-auth account required pam_nologin.so account include system-auth password include system-auth session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke session include system-auth session required pam_loginuid.so session optional pam_console.so session optional pam_keyring.so <---
Now reboot your computer. After login the keyring will be unlocked for you.
Changing keyring password
If your keyring password is different from your login password, you will be prompted to enter it every time you login to your computer. To 'fix' this, see below:
If you are running Fedora 10 or older, you should first install the following tools:
su -c 'yum -y install gnome-keyring-manager gnome-keyring pam_keyring'
Once you have installed pam_keyring and gnome-keyring, you will need to log out and back on. Then you can run
/usr/libexec/pam-keyring-tool -c
to change the default password. Alternatively you can now change a password through gnome-keyring-manager. Download and install gnome-keyring-manager. Then highlight the keyring and select Change Keyring Password from the Keyring menu of gnome-keyring-manager.
The Seahorse Encryption Key Manager has replaced gnome-keyring-manager in Fedora 11 onwards. You can install Seahorse via Add/Remove Software or from the command line:
su -c 'yum -y install seahorse'
Once you have installed Seahorse, you will find its program icon titled 'Passwords and Encryption Keys' in the Applications...Accessories menu folder. To change the default keyring password, start Seahorse then right click Passwords:login at the top of the Passwords tab and select Change Password.
KDE specific information
To control NetworkManager by a system tray applet you need to install and start the program knetworkmanager
of the same named package. The keys to the different networks are stored automatically in KDE's password storage system kwalletmanager.
Further Information
- Red Hat Magazine article on NetworkManager : Good summary of the technology
- The NetworkManager Website
- The NetworkManager mailing list
- Local Caching Nameserver